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Temporal Deployment of Attention by Mental Training: an fMRI Study.
Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 , DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00795-4
Souhir Daly 1 , Jade Thai 2 , Chama Belkhiria 1 , Chistelle Langley 2 , Alain Le Blanche 1, 3 , Giovanni de Marco 1, 4
Affiliation  

In this study, we employed a visuo-motor imagery task of alertness as a mental training to examine temporal processing of motor responses within healthy young adults. Participants were divided into two groups (group 1; n = 20 who performed the mental training before the real physical task and a control group who performed the physical task without mental training). We vary the time interval between the imperative stimulus and the preceding one (fore-period) in which temporal preparation and arousal increase briefly. Our behavioural results provide clear evidence that mental training reinforces both temporal preparation and arousal, by shortening reaction time (RT), especially for the shortest fore-periods (FP) within exogenous “FP 250 ms” (p = 0.008) and endogenous alertness “FP 650 ms” (p = 0.001). We investigated how the brain controls such small temporal changes. We focus our neural hypothesis on three brain regions: anterior insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex and three putative circuits: one top-down (from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to anterior cingulate cortex) and two bottom-up (from anterior insula to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex). In fMRI, effective connectivity is strengthened during exogenous alertness between anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.001), between anterior insula and cingulate cortex (p = 0.01), and during endogenous alertness between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.05). We suggest that attentional reinforcement induced by an intensive and short session of mental training induces a temporal deployment of attention and allow optimizing the time pressure by maintaining a high state of arousal and ameliorating temporal preparation.



中文翻译:

心理训练注意力的时间部署:fMRI 研究。

在这项研究中,我们采用了警觉性的视觉运动图像任务作为心理训练,以检查健康年轻人中运动反应的时间处理。参与者被分为两组(第 1 组;n = 20,他们在真正的体力任务之前进行了心理训练,而对照组则在没有心理训练的情况下进行了体力任务)。我们改变命令性刺激和前一个(前期)之间的时间间隔,其中时间准备和唤醒短暂增加。我们的行为结果提供了明确的证据,表明心理训练通过缩短反应时间 (RT) 来加强时间准备和唤醒,特别是对于外源性“FP 250 ms”( p = 0.008) 内的最短前期 (FP ) 和内源性警觉性“ FP 650 毫秒” ( p= 0 .001)。我们研究了大脑如何控制如此小的时间变化。我们的神经假设集中在三个大脑区域:前脑岛、背外侧前额叶皮层和前扣带回皮层和三个假定的回路:一个自上而下(从背外侧前额叶皮层到前扣带皮层)和两个自下而上(从前脑岛到前额叶皮层)。背外侧前额叶皮层和前扣带回皮层)。在 fMRI 中,前脑岛和背外侧前额叶皮层之间的外源性警觉性 ( p = 0.001)、前脑岛和扣带皮层之间 ( p = 0.01) 以及背外侧前额叶皮层和前扣带皮层之间的内源性警觉性期间有效连接得到加强( p= 0.05)。我们建议,由密集而短暂的心理训练引起的注意力强化会引起注意力的时间部署,并通过保持高度的唤醒状态和改善时间准备来优化时间压力。

更新日期:2020-05-27
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