Surface biofunctionalization has emerged in the past decade as a rising tool in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) approaches. The development of biomaterial substrates with regenerative properties is challenging, mainly due to the requirement of obtaining a surface that promotes cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Biomolecules, namely extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, play a key role in the wound healing cascade, mediating a wide range of cellular activities. Therefore, the immobilization of such biomolecules at the surface of biomaterials has a remarkable interest for TERM strategies. Numerous variants can be used to biofunctionalize the surface of biomaterials, being classified as non-covalent and covalent immobilization strategies. Importantly, the maintenance of stable/available bioactive factors needs also to be considered. In this review, a wide range of bioactive molecules and different biofunctionalization strategies will be discussed, as well as the most relevant results achieved in the novel and most promising strategies.

中文翻译：

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表面生物功能化，以提高用于再生医学的生物材料基质的功效

在过去的十年中，表面生物功能化已成为组织工程和再生医学（TERM）方法中一种新兴的工具。具有再生特性的生物材料基质的开发具有挑战性，这主要是由于需要获得能够促进细胞附着，增殖和分化的表面。生物分子，即细胞外基质蛋白和生长因子，在伤口愈合级联中起关键作用，介导广泛的细胞活性。因此，将这种生物分子固定在生物材料的表面上对TERM策略具有极大的兴趣。多种变体可用于生物功能化生物材料的表面，分为非共价固定和共价固定策略。重要的，还需要考虑维持稳定/可用的生物活性因子。在这篇综述中，将讨论广泛的生物活性分子和不同的生物功能化策略，以及在新颖和最有希望的策略中获得的最相关的结果。