Objective: To assess the efficacy of heat thermotherapy to improve cardiovascular and cardiometabolic health, and to compare potential heat thermotherapy moderating factors. Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data Sources: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched up to 6th February 2020. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Journal articles with adult participants, a controlled trial study design, and a passive heating stimulus with a cardiovascular or cardiometabolic health outcome were included. Results: From 1036 articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. Heat thermotherapy was delivered acutely (one bout; n=19), short term (2-15 bouts; n=6) and chronically (>15 bouts; n=14), via either hot water immersion (n=26; water temperature 38-43 °C) or heated air exposure (n=11; air temperature 31-90 °C), or water perfused suit/handheld device (n=2). Heat exposure ranged from 10 to 240 minutes. Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic measurement techniques varied across studies, alongside participant age (≤35 years, n=376; >35 ≤60 years, n=335 and >60 years, n=350) and health status. 21/27 studies measuring cardiovascular outcomes reported positive health benefits, including increased flow-mediated dilation (1.3-5.3%) and lower systolic blood pressure (4-16 mm Hg). 15/22 studies measuring cardiometabolic outcomes reported positive health benefits, including reduced postprandial glucose (-0.89 to -0.5 mmol.L ^-1) and C-reactive protein concentrations (-0.9 to -10.94 mg.L^-1). Conclusion: Overall, 29/39 studies demonstrated significant positive cardiovascular or cardiometabolic health benefits from heat thermotherapy across various population demographics, despite varied study design and modality. Heat thermotherapy is an efficacious treatment for cardiovascular disease alongside pharmaceutical and exercise-based interventions.

中文翻译：

---

热疗会改善心血管和心脏代谢健康吗？文献的系统回顾与叙事综合

目的：评估热疗法对改善心血管和心脏代谢健康的功效，并比较潜在的热疗法调节因素。设计：系统评价和叙述性综合。 数据来源：截至2020年2月6日，已搜索电子数据库（MEDLINE，EMBASE和Web of Science） 。入选研究的资格标准：有成人参加者的期刊文章，对照试验研究设计以及具有心血管或心脏代谢作用的被动加热刺激健康状况包括在内。 结果：从1036篇文章中，有39篇文章符合纳入标准。通过热水浸泡（n = 26；水温）急性（1次； n = 19），短期（2-15次； n = 6）和长期（> 15次； n = 14）进行热疗。 38-43°C）或暴露于热空气中（n = 11;空气温度31-90°C）或注水的衣服/手持设备（n = 2）。暴露时间为10至240分钟。心血管和心脏代谢测量技术因研究而异，参与者年龄（≤35岁，n = 376；> 35≤60岁，n = 335和> 60岁，n = 350）和健康状况不同。评估心血管结局的21/27研究报告了积极的健康益处，包括增加血流介导的扩张作用（1.3-5.3％）和降低收缩压（4-16 mm Hg）。 ^-1）和C反应蛋白浓度（-0.9至-10.94 mg.L ^-1）。结论：总体而言，29/39研究表明，尽管研究设计和方法各异，但热疗在各种人群中均具有明显的心血管或心脏代谢健康益处。热药物疗法是一种针对心血管疾病的有效疗法，此外还包括药物和基于运动的干预措施。