During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a patch of flat plasma membrane is deformed into a vesicle. In walled cells, such as plants and fungi, the turgor pressure is high and pushes the membrane against the cell wall, thus hindering membrane internalization. In this paper, we study how a patch of membrane is deformed against turgor pressure by force and by curvature-generating proteins. We show that a large amount of force is needed to merely start deforming the membrane and an even larger force is needed to pull a membrane tube. The magnitude of these forces strongly depends on how the base of the membrane is constrained and how the membrane is coated with curvature-generating proteins. In particular, these forces can be reduced by partially but not fully coating the membrane patch with curvature-generating proteins. Our theoretical results show excellent agreement with experimental data.

中文翻译：

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通过部分蛋白包被和自由旋转的基质，可以更轻松地应对高膨胀压力的内吞

在网格蛋白介导的内吞作用期间，平坦的质膜的一部分变形为囊泡。在诸如植物和真菌的壁细胞中，膨大压力高并且将膜推向细胞壁，从而阻碍了膜的内在化。在本文中，我们研究了膜片如何通过力和产生曲率的蛋白质抵抗膨胀压力而变形。我们表明，仅开始使膜变形就需要大量的力，而拉动膜管则需要更大的力。这些力的大小在很大程度上取决于如何限制膜的基部以及如何用产生曲率的蛋白质覆盖膜。特别是，可以通过用曲率产生蛋白部分但不完全覆盖膜片来减小这些力。