The coastal rock pool mosquito, Aedes (Tanakius) togoi (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), is found in coastal east Asia in climates ranging from subtropical to subarctic. However, a disjunct population in the Pacific Northwest of North America has an ambiguous heritage. Two potential models explain the presence of Ae. togoi in North America: ancient Beringian dispersal or modern anthropogenic introduction. Genetic studies have thus far proved inconclusive. Here we described the putative ancient distribution of Ae. togoi habitat in east Asia and examined the climatic feasibility of a Beringian introduction into North America using modern distribution records and ecological niche modeling of bioclimatic data from the last interglacial period (~120,000 BP), the last glacial maximum (~21,000 BP), and the mid-Holocene (~6000 BP). Our results suggest that suitable climatic conditions existed for Ae. togoi to arrive in North America through natural dispersal as well as to persist there until present times. Furthermore, we find that ancient distributions of suitable Ae. togoi habitat in east Asia may explain the genetic relationships between Ae. togoi populations identified in other studies. These findings indicate the utility of ecological niche modeling as a complementary tool for studying insect phylogeography.

中文翻译：

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模拟伊蚊的分布（Diptera：Culicidae）。

沿海岩池蚊子伊蚊（Tanakius）多哥（Theobald）（双翅目：Cu科）在东亚沿海地区发现，气候从亚热带到亚北极。但是，北美西北太平洋地区的人口稀少，遗产却模棱两可。两种可能的模型解释了Ae的存在。北美的多哥（Togoi）：古代的白令主义传播或现代的人为介绍。迄今为止，遗传学研究还没有定论。在这里，我们描述了假定的古代Ae分布。多哥利用现代分布记录和最近一次冰期（〜120,000 BP），最近一次冰河最大值（〜21,000 BP）和最近一次冰期的生物气候数据的生态位模型，研究了将白令引入北美的气候可行性。中全新世（〜6000 BP）我们的结果表明存在适合Ae的气候条件。多哥人通过自然扩散到达北美，并一直坚持到现在。此外，我们发现适合Ae的古代分布。东亚的多哥栖息地可能解释了Ae之间的遗传关系。多哥其他研究中确定的人群。这些发现表明，生态位建模可以作为研究昆虫系统地理学的补充工具。