The Level VII of Amalda I cave (Gipuzkoa, Spain) represents one of the latest Middle Palaeolithic occupations in the Cantabrian Region. It is characterized by the presence of Middle Palaeolithic lithic industry and animal remains, with clear evidences of anthropic and carnivore manipulation. At this site, the Neanderthal presence has been questioned in relation to the role of carnivores in the accumulation of large, medium-sized and small mammals. It has also been proposed that the Neanderthal occupation could have consisted of short-term occupations, where different activities took place in a structured space within the cave. However, all hypotheses lacked any integrative analysis of the site formation processes. With the aim of understanding these processes, a combination of spatial techniques, based on GIS and inferential statistics (density analysis, hotspots tools and palaeotopographic reconstruction), along with the taphonomic study of identifiable and non-identifiable macromammals remains, were employed. This study has revealed distinct use of the cave space by Neanderthals and carnivores. The major concentrations of lithics and medium-size mammal remains were clearly accumulated by humans at the cave entrance, while the small-size mammals were gathered by carnivores in an inner zone. The activities of the Neanderthals seem to be distinctly structured, suggesting a parallel exploitation of resources.

阿马尔达一世洞穴（西班牙吉普斯夸）的VII级代表了坎塔布连地区最新的中古石器时代的占领之一。它的特征是存在中古石器时代的石器业和动物遗骸，有人类和食肉动物操纵的明显证据。在这个地点，关于食肉动物在大，中，小哺乳动物积累中的作用，尼安德特人的存在受到了质疑。还有人提出，尼安德特人的职业可能包括短期职业，即在洞穴内结构化的空间中进行不同的活动。但是，所有假设都缺乏对站点形成过程的任何综合分析。为了理解这些过程，结合了空间技术，基于GIS和推断统计数据（密度分析，热点工具和古地形重建），以及对可识别和不可识别的大型哺乳动物遗骸的拓扑学研究，均得到了应用。这项研究揭示了尼安德特人和食肉动物对洞穴空间的独特使用。人类显然在洞穴入口处聚集了石器和中型哺乳动物遗骸的主要浓度，而小型哺乳动物则是由食肉动物在内部区域聚集的。尼安德特人的活动似乎结构清晰，表明对资源的平行开发。这项研究揭示了尼安德特人和食肉动物对洞穴空间的独特使用。人类显然在洞穴入口处聚集了石器和中型哺乳动物遗骸的主要浓度，而小型哺乳动物则是由食肉动物在内部区域聚集的。尼安德特人的活动似乎结构清晰，表明对资源的平行开发。这项研究揭示了尼安德特人和食肉动物对洞穴空间的独特使用。人类显然在洞穴入口处聚集了石器和中型哺乳动物遗骸的主要浓度，而小型哺乳动物则是由食肉动物在内部区域聚集的。尼安德特人的活动似乎结构清晰，表明对资源的平行开发。