One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.

中文翻译：

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植物伯克霍尔德氏菌PsJN在盐胁迫下刺激藜麦的生长和产量。

农业的主要挑战之一是在不久的将来确保为不断增加的世界人口提供充足和健康的粮食。这要求在变化的环境压力下维持作物的可持续种植。在这些压力中，盐度是仅次于干旱的全球第二大威胁。减轻盐分胁迫的有前途的策略之一是种植诸如藜麦等耐盐作物。在高盐度下，可通过促进植物生长的细菌（PGPB）来提高性能。在PGPB中，与根际细菌相比，内生细菌被认为在刺激植物生长方面更好，因为它们能够在植物根际和植物内部定殖。因此，在目前的研究中，植物伯克霍尔德菌 关于改善盐胁迫下藜麦的生长，生理和产量的PsJN。在六叶期，用具有0（对照）或400 mM NaCl的盐水灌溉植物。结果表明，接种PsJN的植物减轻了盐度对藜麦的负面影响，与未接种的对照相比，分别增加了12％，18％和41％的枝条生物量，籽粒重量和籽粒产量。此外，接种PsJN可改善渗透调节和离子稳态能力。此外，还对叶片响应PsJN处理的5种关键活性氧（ROS）清除酶进行了表征。这表明在用PsJN处理过的植物中过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脱氢阿糖酸还原酶（DHAR）的活性更高。这些发现表明，将藜麦种子与伯克霍尔德氏菌植物PsJN可用于刺激高盐影响土壤中的藜麦生长和产量。