Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Queensland fruit fly, or “Qfly”) is a highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly and a serious economic pest in Australia. Qfly biology is intimately linked to the bacteria and fungi of its microbiome. While there are numerous studies of the microbiome in larvae and adults, the transition of the microbiome through the pupal stage remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to examine microbial communities at each developmental stage in the Qfly life cycle, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions. We found that microbial communities were similar at the larval and pupal stage and were also similar between adult males and females, yet there were marked differences between the larval and adult stages. Specific bacterial and fungal taxa are present in the larvae and adults (fed hydrolyzed yeast with sugar) which is likely related to differences in nutritional biology of these life stages. We observed a significant abundance of the Acetobacteraceae at the family level, both in the larval and pupal stages. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae was highly abundant (> 80%) only in the adults. The majority of fungal taxa present in Qfly were yeasts or yeast-like fungi. In addition to elucidating changes in the microbiome through developmental stages, this study characterizes the Qfly microbiome present at the establishment of laboratory colonies as they enter the domestication process.

中文翻译：

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昆士兰州果蝇的微生物组通过变态而飞。

桔小昆士兰 （Froggatt）（昆士兰果蝇，或“ Qfly”）是高度多食性的特福列特果蝇，在澳大利亚是一种严重的经济害虫。Qfly生物学与其微生物组的细菌和真菌密切相关。尽管有许多关于幼虫和成虫中微生物组的研究，但微生物组通过stage期的过渡仍然未知。为了解决这一知识鸿沟，我们使用高通量下一代测序（NGS）来检查Qfly生命周期中每个发育阶段的微生物群落，以细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS区为目标。我们发现幼虫和p期的微生物群落相似，成年雄性和雌性之间也相似，但是幼虫和成年期之间存在显着差异。幼虫和成虫（喂食含糖的水解酵母）中存在特定的细菌和真菌类群，这可能与这些生命阶段的营养生物学差异有关。在幼虫期和p期，我们在家庭水平观察到大量的醋杆菌科。相反，肠杆菌科仅在成年人中高度丰富（> 80％）。Qfly中存在的大部分真菌类群是酵母或类酵母菌。除了阐明整个发育过程中微生物组的变化外，本研究还描述了在实验室菌落进入驯化过程时存在的Qfly微生物组的特征。在幼虫期和p期，我们在家庭水平观察到大量的醋杆菌科。相反，肠杆菌科仅在成年人中高度丰富（> 80％）。Qfly中存在的大部分真菌类群是酵母或类酵母菌。除了阐明整个发育过程中微生物组的变化外，本研究还描述了在实验室菌落进入驯化过程时存在的Qfly微生物组的特征。在幼虫期和p期，我们在家庭水平观察到大量的醋杆菌科。相反，肠杆菌科仅在成年人中高度丰富（> 80％）。Qfly中存在的大部分真菌类群是酵母或类酵母菌。除了阐明整个发育过程中微生物组的变化外，本研究还描述了在实验室菌落进入驯化过程时存在的Qfly微生物组的特征。