The effect of graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with 3‐amino‐propyl‐triethoxy‐silane(APTS), organo‐vermiculite(OVMT), and magnesium hydroxide (MH) combinations on mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) was studied. GO was obtained via a slight modification of the Hummers method and then chemically surface functionalized with APTS. VMT clay was modified with maleic anhydride (MA) via a chemical reaction with acetic acid to increase its inter‐laminar spacing. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that APTS had been successfully attached to the GO and that VMT was modified with MA. Subsequently, each functionalized filler was incorporated in combination with MH to the flame‐retardant‐polypropylene system. The performance of PP composites with each filler as well as with their combinations, including a reduced “30 wt% of MH” were compared with the reference PP composite with 55 wt% of MH as the only FR additive. PP grafted with MA (PP‐gMA) and PP grafted with amine‐alcohol(PP‐gDMAE) were used as compatibilizer agents between each filler and the polymer matrix. The results obtained confirmed a better mechanical and FR performance when using PP‐gDMAE. Composites with 30 wt% MH combined with very low contents of GO (0.5 and 1.0 wt%) showed improved FR properties, similar to the reference sample, with an evident reduction in peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release and increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) values. The combination of MH and GO showed the best FR and mechanical properties: LOI of 22.5% and pHRR of 540 kW/m² which were very similar to the reference sample. In addition, PP‐gDMAE improved the OVMT exfoliation with a slight increase in the intergallery spacing but OVMT and modified GO combinations did not significantly improve the FR and mechanical properties compared with the effect of MH and modified GO combinations. The combination of MH and modified GO makes it possible to reduce the total MH filler content from 55 to 30 wt% to accomplish the FR requirements and with enhanced mechanical properties. This filler combination promoted the formation of a continuous, intact residual char layer on the PP surface, which acts as an insulating barrier to protect the base material. These filler combinations offer an option to meet the FR properties using halogen‐free FR with better mechanical properties.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯和Ver石粘土组合生产出低氢氧化镁负载量的增强型阻燃聚丙烯复合材料

用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTS），有机ver石（OVMT）和氢氧化镁（MH）组合官能化的氧化石墨烯（GO）的力学，热学和阻燃（FR）性能研究了聚丙烯（PP）。通过对Hummers方法稍加修改即可获得GO，然后用APTS将其化学表面官能化。VMT粘土通过与乙酸发生化学反应，用马来酸酐（MA）进行改性，以增加其层间距。傅里叶变换红外分析，X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜的结果表明，APTS已成功连接到GO上，并且VMT已用MA改性。随后，将每种功能化填料与MH结合到阻燃聚丙烯系统中。将具有每种填料及其组合（包括减少的“ 30 wt％MH”）的PP复合材料的性能与将55 wt％MH作为唯一的FR添加剂的参比PP复合材料进行比较。MA接枝的PP（PP-gMA）和胺醇接枝的PP（PP-gDMAE）被用作每种填料和聚合物基质之间的增容剂。使用PP-gDMAE时，获得的结果证实了更好的机械和FR性能。与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 将包含减少的“ 30 wt％的MH”与包含55 wt％的MH作为唯一FR添加剂的参比PP复合材料进行比较。用MA接枝的PP（PP-gMA）和用胺醇接枝的PP（PP-gDMAE）作为每种填料与聚合物基质之间的增容剂。使用PP-gDMAE时，获得的结果证实了更好的机械和FR性能。与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 将包含减少的“ 30 wt％的MH”与包含55 wt％的MH作为唯一FR添加剂的参比PP复合材料进行比较。用MA接枝的PP（PP-gMA）和用胺醇接枝的PP（PP-gDMAE）作为每种填料与聚合物基质之间的增容剂。使用PP-gDMAE时，获得的结果证实了更好的机械和FR性能。与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 用MA接枝的PP（PP-gMA）和用胺醇接枝的PP（PP-gDMAE）作为每种填料与聚合物基质之间的增容剂。使用PP-gDMAE时，获得的结果证实了更好的机械和FR性能。与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 用MA接枝的PP（PP-gMA）和用胺醇接枝的PP（PP-gDMAE）作为每种填料与聚合物基质之间的增容剂。使用PP-gDMAE时，获得的结果证实了更好的机械和FR性能。与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m 与参考样品相似，MH含量为30 wt％且GO含量非常低（0.5和1.0 wt％）的复合材料显示出改善的FR性能，其放热速率（pHRR）和总放热峰值明显降低。增加极限氧指数（LOI）值。MH和GO的组合显示出最佳的FR和机械性能：LOI为22.5％，pHRR为540 kW / m^2个与参考样品非常相似。此外，PP-gDMAE改善了OVMT的剥落，并略有增加了晶间间距，但与MH和改性的GO组合相比，OVMT和改性的GO组合并未显着改善FR和机械性能。MH和改性GO的组合可以将MH填料的总含量从55 wt％降低到30 wt％，以达到FR要求并具有增强的机械性能。这种填料组合促进了在PP表面上形成连续的，完整的残留炭层，该炭层充当了保护基材的绝缘屏障。这些填料组合提供了使用具有更好机械性能的无卤素阻燃剂来满足阻燃剂性能的选择。