The recent emergence of Vibrio infections at high latitudes represents a clear human health risk attributable to climate change. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of three Vibrio species: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae within a British coastal estuarine site, with contrasting salinity and temperature regimes during an intense heatwave event. Water samples were collected weekly through the summer of 2018 and 2019 and filtered using membrane filtration and subsequently grown on selective media. Suspected vibrios were confirmed using a conventional species‐specific PCR assay and further analysed for potential pathogenic markers. Results showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae were present at high concentrations throughout both years, with their populations at substantially greater abundances corresponding to conditions of higher water temperatures during the heatwave of 2018 and at lower salinity sites, which is comparable to the results of previous studies. A subset of strains isolated during the extreme heatwave event in 2018 (46 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 11 Vibrio cholerae and 4 Vibrio vulnificus) were genomically sequenced. Analysis of these 63 sequenced strains revealed a broad phenotypic and genomic diversity of strains circulating in the environment. An analysis of pathogenicity attributes identified a broad array of virulence genes across all three species, including a variety of genes associated with human disease. This study highlights the importance of the need for an increased Vibrio spp. surveillance system in temperate regions and the potential impact warming events such as heatwaves may have on the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the environment.

中文翻译：

---

温带高纬度热点地区潜在致病性弧菌的分离和鉴定。

高纬度地区最近出现了弧菌感染，这表明气候变化显然对人类健康构成威胁。在这里，我们调查了英国沿海河口站点内三种弧菌弧菌：副溶血弧菌，创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌的种群动态，在强烈的热浪事件中盐度和温度机制存在差异。在2018年和2019年夏季期间每周收集一次水样本，并使用膜滤进行过滤，然后在选择性培养基上生长。可疑的弧菌已通过常规的物种特异性PCR测定法得到确认，并进一步分析了潜在的致病标记。结果表明副溶血性弧菌，创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌在过去两年中都以高浓度存在，其种群的丰度大大提高，对应于2018年热浪期间水温较高且盐分较低的情况，这与之前的结果相当学习。在2018年极端热浪事件中分离出的一部分菌株（46副溶血弧菌，11霍乱弧菌和4创伤弧菌）进行了基因组测序。对这63个测序菌株的分析显示，环境中循环传播的菌株具有广泛的表型和基因组多样性。对致病性属性的分析确定了所有三个物种的毒力基因范围广泛，包括与人类疾病相关的各种基因。这项研究强调了增加弧菌属菌种的重要性。温带地区的监视系统以及诸如热浪之类的潜在变暖事件可能对环境中大量潜在的致病细菌产生影响。