The relevance of preserving microorganisms has been well accepted for several decades. Interest is now shifting towards investigating adequate preservation methods to improve microbial survival rates and to preserve new taxa of previously considered unculturable microorganisms. In addition, a growing interest in preserving fragile microbial consortia or communities with biotechnological interest motivates the improvement of preservation methods. In the present study, we reviewed the effect of water availability in microbial diversity shift. We describe the effect of drought on microorganisms at the molecular level and their molecular responses to this life-threatening challenge focusing on the production of xeroprotectants. We also review the interspecies interactions of those drought-tolerant microorganisms with other sensitive organisms including neighbouring prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as plants, and the potential role of these microorganisms at determining the ecological composition of stressed environments. We emphasize the importance of applying the knowledge derived from the molecular mechanisms used by desiccation-tolerant microorganisms for the improvement of the preservation techniques. An overview of the current and newer techniques for preserving microorganisms and microbial communities is provided. The biotechnological interest in preserving pure cultures, microbial consortia and communities is also discussed.

中文翻译：

---

应对水资源压力和微生物保存

几十年来，保存微生物的相关性已被广泛接受。现在的兴趣正在转向研究适当的保存方法以提高微生物存活率并保存以前认为不可培养的微生物的新分类群。此外，对保存脆弱的微生物聚生体或具有生物技术兴趣的群落的兴趣日益浓厚，这也推动了保存方法的改进。在本研究中，我们回顾了水资源可用性对微生物多样性转变的影响。我们在分子水平上描述了干旱对微生物的影响，以及它们对这一威胁生命的挑战的分子反应，重点是生产抗旱剂。我们还回顾了这些耐旱微生物与其他敏感生物（包括邻近的原核生物和真核生物（如植物））的种间相互作用，以及这些微生物在确定受压环境的生态组成方面的潜在作用。我们强调应用从耐干燥微生物使用的分子机制中获得的知识来改进保存技术的重要性。提供了用于保存微生物和微生物群落的当前和更新技术的概述。还讨论了保存纯培养物、微生物群落和群落的生物技术兴趣。以及这些微生物在确定压力环境的生态组成方面的潜在作用。我们强调应用从耐干燥微生物使用的分子机制中获得的知识来改进保存技术的重要性。提供了用于保存微生物和微生物群落的当前和更新技术的概述。还讨论了保存纯培养物、微生物群落和群落的生物技术兴趣。以及这些微生物在确定压力环境的生态组成方面的潜在作用。我们强调应用从耐干燥微生物使用的分子机制中获得的知识来改进保存技术的重要性。提供了用于保存微生物和微生物群落的当前和更新技术的概述。还讨论了保存纯培养物、微生物群落和群落的生物技术兴趣。提供了用于保存微生物和微生物群落的当前和更新技术的概述。还讨论了保存纯培养物、微生物群落和群落的生物技术兴趣。提供了用于保存微生物和微生物群落的当前和更新技术的概述。还讨论了保存纯培养物、微生物群落和群落的生物技术兴趣。