Abstract The stirring effect of the rotating arc during non-axisymmetric tungsten narrow-gap GTAW (NT-NG-GTAW) on the molten pool is investigated. Tracer particles are embedded in the groove and plate metal surface, respectively. During welding, the floating tracer particles are captured with a high-speed camera to reflect the flow characteristics of the liquid metal. Compared with conventional GTAW processes, mechanical force (Fc) and inertial centrifugal force (Fl) in NT-NG-GTAW have more significant effect on the molten pool. They are the main driving forces to change the flow pattern of the molten pool under the rotating arc. As the arc rotate to the boundary of the molten pool, liquid metal layer on molten pool surface forms a vortex at the other edge to impact on the sidewall. When the arc rotates clockwise, the molten pool in bead-on-plate rotates counterclockwise, whereas the molten pool in the narrow gap rotates clockwise with the same rotation frequency as the arc.

中文翻译：

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非轴对称钨 NG-GTAW 过程中旋转电弧对熔池的搅拌作用

摘要 研究了非轴对称钨极窄间隙GTAW（NT-NG-GTAW）过程中旋转电弧对熔池的搅拌作用。示踪粒子分别嵌入凹槽和金属板表面。在焊接过程中，漂浮的示踪粒子被高速摄像机捕捉，以反映液态金属的流动特性。与传统的 GTAW 工艺相比，NT-NG-GTAW 中的机械力 (Fc) 和惯性离心力 (Fl) 对熔池的影响更为显着。它们是在旋转电弧下改变熔池流动形态的主要驱动力。当电弧旋转到熔池边界时，熔池表面的液态金属层在另一边缘形成涡流冲击侧壁。当圆弧顺时针旋转时，