An explanation is proposed for processes that occur when producing high-density micro- and nano-granular ceramics without the use of external pressure based on the data accumulated in publications. It is well known that pore growth commences after the start transition of open into closed pores that begins with about 30% open porosity. It is necessary to maintain open pores to the maximum possible total density of sintered ceramics. This regime may be implemented in various ways, including the binder removal stage. In this stage, defects may arise in a workpiece at macro-, micro-, and sub-levels. Numerous methods exist for binder removal. This article describes the main methods making it possible to reduce the number of defects.

中文翻译：

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高密度微米和纳米粒度陶瓷。从开放到封闭的毛孔过渡。第2部分。从工件上删除活页夹1

根据出版物中积累的数据，提出了在不使用外部压力的情况下生产高密度微米和纳米颗粒陶瓷时发生的工艺的解释。众所周知，孔的生长在开孔开始转变为以约30％的开孔率开始的闭孔后开始。有必要将开孔保持到烧结陶瓷的最大可能的总密度。该方案可以以各种方式实施，包括去除粘合剂的阶段。在此阶段，工件可能会出现宏观，微观和子层次的缺陷。存在许多用于去除粘合剂的方法。本文介绍了可以减少缺陷数量的主要方法。