Gemcitabine (GEM) is used to treat various cancers such as breast, pancreatic, non-small lung, ovarian, bladder, and cervical cancers. GEM, however, has the problem of non-selectivity. Water-soluble, fluorescent, and mono-dispersed carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated by ultrasonication of sucrose. The CDs were further conjugated with GEM through amide linkage. The physical and morphological properties of these carbon dot-gemcitabine (CD-GEM) conjugates were determined using different analytical techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies of CD-GEM conjugates were evaluated by various bioactivity assays on human cell lines, MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. The results of kinetic studies have shown a maximum drug loading efficacy of 17.0 mg of GEM per 50.0 mg of CDs. The CDs were found biocompatible, and the CD-GEM conjugates exhibited excellent bioactivity and exerted potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells with an IC

中文翻译：

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靶向药物递送系统：吉西他滨-碳点缀合物的合成、体外生物活性和细胞凋亡研究。

吉西他滨 (GEM) 用于治疗多种癌症，如乳腺癌、胰腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌和宫颈癌。然而，GEM存在非选择性问题。通过蔗糖超声处理制备水溶性荧光单分散碳点（CD）。CD 通过酰胺键进一步与 GEM 缀合。使用不同的分析技术测定了这些碳点-吉西他滨 (CD-GEM) 缀合物的物理和形态特性。通过对人细胞系、MCF-7（人乳腺癌）和 HeLa（宫颈癌）细胞系的各种生物活性测定来评估 CD-GEM 缀合物的体外细胞毒性和细胞凋亡研究。动力学研究结果显示，每 50.0 mg CD 的最大载药量为 17.0 mg GEM。CD 具有生物相容性，CD-GEM 缀合物表现出优异的生物活性，并通过 IC 对肿瘤细胞发挥有效的细胞毒性