Background: Sedentary life-style is a significant public health issue. It increases the incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which in turn may impair physical and mental health. In fact, disrupted glucose metabolism is characteristic of Alzheimer’s dementia, and it is often dubbed as type-3 diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of activity, body composition, cardiovascular risk and cognitive profile of patients with DM2 and/or SAH. The study was cross-sectional design.

Method: The sample consisted of 120 individuals which 35% men and 65% women, with an average of 64±9 years old and 60±11 years old, respectively. Various parameters were evaluated such as anthropometric variables, pedometer recordings and brief cognitive screening battery (BCSB), which assesses the immediate memory, verbal fluency, learning, late memory and recognition. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were applied to observe possible differences between men and women. In addition to Kruskall-Wallis, in the comparison between patients with SAH; DM2 and SAH + DM2.

Results: A high rate of physical inactivity was found among those enrolled in this project. Females were characterized by increased body fat, whereas men displayed visceral fat excess. BCSB demonstrated reduced verbal fluency, late memory and recognition, with women presenting significantly worse results.

Conclusion: Low level of daily physical activity is apparently correlated with obesity, elevated cardiovascular risk, and cognitive dysfunction.

背景：久坐的生活方式是一个重要的公共卫生问题。它会增加 2 型糖尿病 (DM2) 和系统性动脉高血压 (SAH) 的发病率，进而可能损害身心健康。事实上，葡萄糖代谢紊乱是阿尔茨海默病痴呆的特征，它通常被称为 3 型糖尿病。

目的：本研究的目的是评估 DM2 和/或 SAH 患者的活动水平、身体成分、心血管风险和认知状况。该研究是横断面设计。

方法：样本由120人组成，其中男性占35%，女性占65%，平均年龄分别为64±9岁和60±11岁。评估了各种参数，例如人体测量变量、计步器记录和简短的认知筛选电池 (BCSB)，用于评估即时记忆、语言流畅性、学习、后期记忆和识别。卡方检验和 Fisher 精确检验用于观察男性和女性之间可能存在的差异。除了 Kruskall-Wallis，在 SAH 患者之间的比较中；DM2 和 SAH + DM2。

结果：在参加该项目的人中发现缺乏身体活动的比率很高。女性的特点是身体脂肪增加，而男性则表现出内脏脂肪过多。BCSB 表现出语言流畅性、迟到记忆和识别能力下降，女性表现出明显更差的结果。

结论：日常体力活动水平低与肥胖、心血管风险升高和认知功能障碍明显相关。