Abstract Tropical forests influence freshwater fish through multiple pathways, only some of which are well documented. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the current state of knowledge on forests and freshwater fish in the tropics. The existing evidence is mostly concentrated in the neotropics. The majority of studies provided evidence that fish diversity was higher where there was more forest cover; this was related to the greater heterogeneity of resources in forested environments that could support a wider range of species. Studies quantifying fish abundance (or biomass) showed mixed relationships with forest cover, depending on species-specific habitat preferences. We identify the key challenges limiting our current understanding of the forest–fish nexus and provide recommendations for future research to address these knowledge gaps. A clear understanding of the functional pathways in forest–freshwater ecosystems can improve evidence-based policy development concerned with deforestation, biodiversity conservation, and food insecurity in the tropics.

中文翻译：

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热带森林对淡水鱼的影响：系统评价

摘要 热带森林通过多种途径影响淡水鱼，其中只有一些有据可查。我们系统地回顾了文献，以评估热带地区森林和淡水鱼的知识现状。现有证据主要集中在新热带地区。大多数研究提供的证据表明，森林覆盖率越高，鱼类多样性越高；这与森林环境中资源的更大异质性有关，可以支持更广泛的物种。量化鱼类丰度（或生物量）的研究表明与森林覆盖率存在混合关系，具体取决于物种特定的栖息地偏好。我们确定了限制我们目前对森林-鱼类关系理解的主要挑战，并为未来的研究提供建议以解决这些知识差距。清楚了解森林-淡水生态系统中的功能途径可以改进与热带森林砍伐、生物多样性保护和粮食不安全有关的循证政策制定。