Abstract Wind energy has many advantages, because it does not pollute and is an inexhaustible source of energy. In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm and a pitch control, using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The DFIG stator is directly linked to the grid; the rotor is connected via a back-to-back converter. To ensure a maximal power extraction, we use the MPPT algorithm combined with a PI controller to generate the maximum power and to force the system to work at the maximum operation point. The pitch control is used to protect the Wind Turbine (WT) against high wind speed. Field Oriented Control (FOC) based on a Sliding Mode (SM) first order and high order (super-twisting) are compared. These schemes control the stator active and reactive powers as well as the stator power factor and improve the power quality injected in the grid. Simulations illustrate the active and reactive power control of the HAWT by adjusting the rotor voltages of the DFIG. We choose the two rotor currents to define the sliding surfaces, in order to avoid the measurement of the electromagnetic torque and stator active and reactive powers. Adequate simulations results with Matlab-Simulink of the whole system including the MPPT algorithm, pitch control and SM controllers are presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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双馈风力发电机的一阶和高阶滑模控制

摘要 风能具有许多优点，因为它不污染环境，是取之不尽的能源。在本文中，我们使用双馈感应发电机 (DFIG) 研究了具有 MPPT（最大功率点跟踪）算法和桨距控制的水平轴风力涡轮机 (HAWT) 的动力学行为。双馈电机定子与电网直接相连；转子通过背对背转换器连接。为了确保最大功率提取，我们使用 MPPT 算法结合 PI 控制器来产生最大功率并强制系统工作在最大工作点。变桨控制用于保护风力涡轮机 (WT) 免受高风速影响。比较了基于滑动模式 (SM) 一阶和高阶（超扭曲）的场定向控制 (FOC)。这些方案控制定子有功和无功功率以及定子功率因数，并改善注入电网的电能质量。仿真通过调整 DFIG 的转子电压来说明 HAWT 的有功和无功功率控制。我们选择两个转子电流来定义滑动面，以避免测量电磁转矩和定子有功和无功功率。介绍并讨论了整个系统的 Matlab-Simulink 充分仿真结果，包括 MPPT 算法、桨距控制和 SM 控制器。我们选择两个转子电流来定义滑动面，以避免测量电磁转矩和定子有功和无功功率。充分的仿真结果与整个系统的 Matlab-Simulink 包括 MPPT 算法，桨距控制和 SM 控制器被提出和讨论。我们选择两个转子电流来定义滑动面，以避免测量电磁转矩和定子有功和无功功率。介绍并讨论了整个系统的 Matlab-Simulink 充分仿真结果，包括 MPPT 算法、桨距控制和 SM 控制器。