The ceramic masterpieces that belong to the private collections and art galleries are rarely studied with analytical instruments to define the authenticity, provenance, and characteristics of the materials because the scientific investigations are required to be solely noninvasive for characterizing the unfractured genuine objects. A monographic program, Blue Print, which was initiated by a German cultural heritage foundation, Art & Science Endowment Trust (ASET) Stiftung, aims at developing on‐site research protocols for systematic research investigations on the fragmentary samples, with and without verifiable archeological contexts. For that reason, a combination of analytical techniques was carried out on a Jian‐like sherd, which was assumed to be produced either as a genuine artifact between the 11th and late 14th centuries ad or as a Qing Dynasty copy (1644–1911 ad). Before slicing the sherd, confocal Raman microscopy was used to define the red glaze signature and the crystals formed on the glazed surface, whereas portable X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) (pXRF) was used to define the composition of the glaze and body. Afterward, the sherd was cut and polished for the characterization with a zoom microscope, wavelength‐dispersive XRF (WD‐XRF), and Raman. The macroscopic examination revealed the presence of a glassy black colored interface layer, which was detected between the body and red glaze. The composition of the red glaze was determined with XRF and Raman spectrometers, and the presence of cadmium sulfoselenide (CdS_xSe_1−x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with a high amount of zirconium (WD‐XRF: 2.20 wt.%, pXRF: 1.55‐wt.% ZrO₂) was found. Additionally, Raman measurements evidenced the presence of epsilon‐hematite crystals formed on the blackened red glazed surface. Unlike the glaze composition, the elemental content of the body is almost the same (Al₂O₃: 25.7 wt.%, Fe₂O₃: 8.19 wt.%, K₂O: 2.54 wt.%) with the genuine Jian wares already documented by artistic and scientific examinations.

中文翻译：

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用光学显微镜，共聚焦拉曼光谱仪，波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪和便携式XRF光谱仪表征剑齿状晶格

属于私人收藏和美术馆的陶瓷杰作很少使用分析仪器来研究材料的真实性，出处和特性，因为科学研究必须是非侵入性的，以表征未破裂的真实物品。由德国文化遗产基金会Art＆Science Endowment Trust（ASET）Stiftung发起的专项计划Blue Print，旨在开发现场研究方案，以在有或没有可验证的考古背景下对碎片样本进行系统的研究。 。由于这个原因，对像剑一样的羊皮进行了多种分析技术的组合，假定该羊皮是在11世纪至14世纪末间产生的真正人工制品广告或作为清朝副本（1644–1911 ad）。在切成薄片之前，先用共聚焦拉曼显微镜确定红色釉的特征以及在玻璃表面上形成的晶体，而用便携式X射线荧光（XRF）（pXRF）定义釉和身体的成分。之后，将切成薄片的割草打磨并用变焦显微镜，波长色散XRF（WD-XRF）和拉曼进行表征。宏观检查发现存在玻璃状黑色界面层，该界面层在人体和红色釉之间被检测到。用XRF和拉曼光谱仪测定红釉的组成，以及是否存在亚硒化镉（CdS _x Se _{1- x}，0≤x≤1）含有大量的锆（WD-XRF：2.20 wt。％，pXRF：1.55-wt。％ZrO ₂）。此外，拉曼测量结果证明，在发黑的红色玻璃表面上形成了ε-赤铁矿晶体。与釉料成分不同，人体中的元素含量与真正的剑器几乎相同（Al ₂ O ₃：25.7 wt。％，Fe ₂ O ₃：8.19 wt。％，K ₂ O：2.54 wt。％）已经通过艺术和科学考试记录下来。