Most of the surface of Mars is covered with unconsolidated rocky material, known as regolith. High‐fidelity models of the dynamics of impacts in such material are needed to help with the interpretation of seismic signals that are now recorded by SEIS, the seismometer of InSight. We developed a numerical model for impacts on regolith, using the novel Hybrid Optimization Software Suite (HOSS), which is a Lagrangian code mixing finite and discrete element formulations. We use data from hypervelocity impact experiments performed on pumice sand at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range to identify and calibrate key model parameters. The model provides insight into the plastic‐elastic transition observed in the data and it also demonstrates that gravity plays a key role in the material response. Waveforms for receivers situated vertically below the impact point are correctly modeled, while more research is needed to explain the shallow receivers' signals.

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基于拉格朗日的火星风化层代理超高速撞击实验模拟

火星的大部分表面都覆盖着松散的岩石物质，称为风化层。需要此类材料中冲击动力学的高保真模型来帮助解释现在由 InSight 地震仪 SEIS 记录的地震信号。我们使用新颖的混合优化软件套件 (HOSS) 开发了对风化层影响的数值模型，该套件是混合有限元和离散元公式的拉格朗日代码。我们使用在美国宇航局艾姆斯垂直枪靶场对浮石砂进行的超高速撞击实验的数据来识别和校准关键模型参数。该模型提供了对数据中观察到的塑性-弹性转变的深入了解，它还表明重力在材料响应中起着关键作用。