Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a determinant of cognitive function and is one component of energy balance (EB). EB is the difference between energy intake (EI) and the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). TDEE is a combination of resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food and PA. The potential role of each of these components on cognitive function has not yet been systemically investigated. We aim to evaluate the association between each component of EB on cognition, using baseline and longitudinal data from a clinical trial of caloric restriction (CR). This is a parallel-group, randomized clinical trial comparing two years of 25% CR with two years of ad libitum diet (AL), with 220 healthy volunteers of both sex, aged between 21 and 50 years and initial BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2 and <28 kg/m2. Body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content were evaluated, as well as RMR, TDEE, cognitive performance and baseline energy intake. A 30 min/day of a moderate level on a minimum of 5 days/week was advised as PA measure. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the influence of CR in the improvement of cognitive performance was moderated by changes in RMR, suggesting that in individuals submitted to CR, the cognitive performance and the RMR improved proportionally, independently of changes in EI and body mass. EB and homeostasis are crucial to modulate the RMR. Moreover, RMR presents an important influence on cognitive function in individuals submitted to CR in a long term.

身体活动（PA）已被提议作为认知功能的决定因素，并且是能量平衡（EB）的一个组成部分。EB是能量摄入量（EI）与每日总能量消耗量（TDEE）之间的差。TDEE是静息代谢率（RMR），食物和PA的热效应的组合。这些成分对认知功能的潜在作用尚未得到系统的研究。我们旨在使用热量限制（CR）临床试验的基线和纵向数据来评估EB认知各组成部分之间的关​​联。这是一项平行组随机临床试验，将两年的25％CR与两年的随意饮食（AL）进行了比较，对220名年龄在21至50岁之间且初始BMI≥22 kg / m2的健康志愿者进行了比较和<28 kg / m2。体重，脂肪量（FM），评估了无脂脂肪（FFM）和骨矿物质含量，以及RMR，TDEE，认知能力和基线能量摄入。建议将PA至少30天/天，至少每周5天，中等水平。纵向分析表明，CR通过改善RMR减轻了CR对改善认知能力的影响，这表明在接受CR的个人中，认知能力和RMR呈比例提高，与EI和体重的变化无关。EB和体内平衡对于调节RMR至关重要。此外，RMR对长期接受CR的个体的认知功能具有重要影响。建议将PA至少30天/天，至少每周5天，中等水平。纵向分析表明，CR通过改善RMR减轻了CR对改善认知能力的影响，这表明在接受CR的个人中，认知能力和RMR呈比例提高，与EI和体重的变化无关。EB和体内平衡对于调节RMR至关重要。而且，RMR对长期接受CR的个体的认知功能具有重要影响。建议将PA至少30天/天，至少每周5天，中等水平。纵向分析表明，CR对认知能力改善的影响通过RMR的变化而缓和，这表明在接受CR的个体中，认知表现和RMR呈比例增加，与EI和体重的变化无关。EB和体内平衡对于调节RMR至关重要。而且，RMR对长期接受CR的个体的认知功能具有重要影响。不受EI和体重变化的影响。EB和体内平衡对于调节RMR至关重要。此外，RMR对长期接受CR的个体的认知功能具有重要影响。不受EI和体重变化的影响。EB和体内平衡对于调节RMR至关重要。此外，RMR对长期接受CR的个体的认知功能具有重要影响。