Objective

This paper explores the potential of analyzing pathological lesions and entheseal changes in the identification of working reindeer.

Methods

The skeletons of 26 modern working reindeer from Siberia and Northern Finland are analyzed for pathological lesions and entheseal changes.

Results

Working results in elevated frequencies of pathological lesions, specifically joint disease in cervical and thoracic vertebrae, humeri, os coxae and proximal phalanges. Entheseal scores indicate the intensified use of shoulder flexors and extensors, and possibly elbow, hip and knee flexors and extensors in working reindeer.

Conclusion

Patterns of skeletal changes can be used in the identification of working reindeer from the past.

Significance

This study provides first evidence that pathological lesions and entheseal changes can be used to assess draught and cargo use of reindeer. Therefore, the methods presented in this study provide an opportunity to scrutinize past reindeer herding practices, reindeer domestication and human-reindeer cooperation.

Limitations

Methods need to be applied with caution due to the multifactorial etiologies of pathological lesions and entheseal changes.

Suggestions for future research

We suggest that in future studies, these methods are applied to archaeological material accompanied by osteometric and contextual analyses.

中文翻译：

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使用古病理学和附着点变化识别工作驯鹿。

客观的

本文探讨了分析病理病变和附着点变化在识别工作驯鹿中的潜力。

方法

对来自西伯利亚和芬兰北部的 26 头现代工作驯鹿的骨骼进行病理损伤和附着点变化分析。

结果

工作导致病理损伤频率升高，特别是颈椎和胸椎、肱骨、髋关节和近节指骨的关节疾病。Entheseal 评分表明在工作驯鹿中加强使用肩屈肌和伸肌，可能还有肘、髋和膝屈肌和伸肌。

结论

骨骼变化模式可用于识别过去工作的驯鹿。

意义

这项研究提供了第一个证据，证明病理损伤和附着点变化可用于评估驯鹿的吃水和货物使用。因此，本研究中提出的方法提供了一个机会来审查过去的驯鹿放牧做法、驯鹿驯化和人与驯鹿的合作。

限制

由于病理性病变和附着点变化的多因素病因，需要谨慎应用方法。

对未来研究的建议

我们建议在未来的研究中，将这些方法应用于考古材料，并进行骨测量和背景分析。