Introduction and objectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease among pediatric patients, which affects up to 20% of children worldwide. Characterized by pruritus and eczema, it is also associated with improper skin barrier function and allergen sensitization. Here, we aimed to assess the presence of haptens in emollients marketed in two European countries: in Poland and Spain, as, firstly, these products are considered to be AD's basic therapy, and, secondly, frequent application of potent sensitizers on atopic skin may result in contact dermatitis.

Materials and methods

We systematically searched for moisturizers explicitly described as “Atopic skin care” products in the most frequently visited online pharmacies in Poland and Spain.

Subsequently, we created a database of all products and compared their composition with 139 contact haptens listed in the European Baseline Series (EBS), Fragrance and Cosmetic Series.

Results

As of December 2018, our list comprised 159 and 111 emollients available on the Polish and Spanish markets, respectively. There were no ingredients listed in 28 (17.5%) products in Poland and 24 (21.6%) in Spain. Only 23 (17.5%) and 13 (14.8%) products were hapten free. The pattern of most common haptens was similar in both countries, including phenoxyethanol, tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate, undefined parfum in Poland and tocopherol, phenoxyethanol, tocopheryl acetate and undefined parfum in Spain.

Conclusions

This study shows that a vast majority of products taken into consideration contain at least one potential contact hapten. These findings indicate a need for patient education about potentially allergenic ingredients and stronger cooperation between academia and cosmetic manufacturers.

中文翻译：

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接触在两个欧洲国家（波兰和西班牙）销售的润肤剂中的半抗原。

介绍和目标

特应性皮炎 (AD) 是儿科患者中最常见的皮肤病，影响全球多达 20% 的儿童。以瘙痒和湿疹为特征，还与皮肤屏障功能不当和过敏原致敏有关。在这里，我们旨在评估在两个欧洲国家销售的润肤剂中半抗原的存在：在波兰和西班牙，首先，这些产品被认为是 AD 的基本疗法，其次，在特应性皮肤上频繁使用强效敏化剂可能导致接触性皮炎。

材料和方法

我们在波兰和西班牙最常访问的在线药店中系统地搜索了明确描述为“特应性皮肤护理”产品的保湿剂。

随后，我们创建了所有产品的数据库，并将其成分与欧洲基线系列 (EBS)、香水和化妆品系列中列出的 139 种接触半抗原进行了比较。

结果

截至 2018 年 12 月，我们的清单包括分别在波兰和西班牙市场上销售的 159 和 111 种润肤剂。波兰的 28 种（17.5%）产品和西班牙的 24 种（21.6%）产品中没有列出成分。只有 23 (17.5%) 和 13 (14.8%) 产品不含半抗原。两个国家最常见的半抗原的模式相似，包括苯氧乙醇、生育酚和醋酸生育酚、波兰的未定义香水和西班牙的生育酚、苯氧乙醇、醋酸生育酚和未定义的香水。

结论

这项研究表明，所考虑的绝大多数产品都包含至少一种潜在的接触半抗原。这些发现表明需要对患者进行有关潜在过敏成分的教育以及学术界和化妆品制造商之间加强合作的必要性。