In this study, changes in growth, yield and photosynthetic characteristics were assessed by foliar application of triacontanol (TRIA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Anaj-2017, Ujala-2016 and AARI-2011 under arsenic (As) stress. Seeds of all three wheat varieties were sown in sand filled plastic pots. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. All the plants were irrigated with full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution till the termination of experiment. Plants were applied with three levels of sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) i.e. 0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm and two levels of foliar treatment of triacontanol i.e. control (no spray), and TRIA 1 µM applied. After 16 week of germination, data of all photosynthetic characteristics was collected, while yield was taken at maturity. Arsenic (50 ppm and 100 ppm) stress exerted significantly adverse effects on various growth and photosynthetic parameters i.e. shoot fresh and dry weights, total leaf area per plant, total grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight, number of seeds per plant, chlorophyll (chl.) pigments, chl. a, b chl. a/b ratio, flavonoids, anthocyanin contents, rate of photosynthesis (A), transpiration rate (E), internal CO₂ concentration (C_i), water use efficiency (A/E), and stomatal conductance (g_s). Foliar application of TRIA significantly increased growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll b, internal CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, rate of photosynthesis, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents in all wheat varieties. Moreover, the results also indicated that 1 µM TRIA proved to be effective in reducing the adverse effects of arsenic stress on all three wheat varieties. Of three wheat varieties, AARI-2011 is more sensitive to arsenic stress and Anaj-2017 proved to be more tolerant against arsenic stress. However, foliar application of TRIA proves to be more effective for var. AARI-2011.

中文翻译：

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叶面施用三aco醇对砷胁迫下小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的影响：生长，产量和光合特性变化的研究。

在这项研究中，通过在小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种Anaj-2017，Ujala-2016和AARI-2011小麦（As）胁迫下叶面施用三十烷醇（TRIA）来评估生长，产量和光合特性的变化。将所有三个小麦品种的种子播种在装满沙子的塑料盆中。实验以完全随机设计（CRD）进行，一式三份。所有植物均用全强度的霍格兰营养液灌溉，直到实验结束。在植物上施用三种水平的亚砷酸钠（NaAsO ₂），即0 ppm，50 ppm和100 ppm，以及三水平的三aco醇叶面处理（即对照（无喷雾））和TRIA 1 µM。发芽16周后，收集所有光合特性的数据，而成熟时获取产量。砷（50 ppm和100 ppm）胁迫对各种生长和光合作用参数产生了明显的不利影响，例如：鲜重和干重，单株总叶面积，单株总谷物产量，100粒重，单株种子数，叶绿素（颜料）。a，b chl。a / b比，类黄酮，花青素含量，光合作用速率（A），蒸腾速率（E），内部CO ₂浓度（C _i），水分利用效率（A / E）和气孔导度（g _s）。叶面喷施TRIA显着提高了所有小麦品种的生长和产量，叶绿素b，内部CO ₂浓度，气孔导度，光合作用速率，类黄酮和花色苷含量。此外，结果还表明，1 µM TRIA被证明可以有效减少砷胁迫对所有三个小麦品种的不利影响。在三个小麦品种中，AARI-2011对砷胁迫更敏感，而Anaj-2017被证明对砷胁迫更具耐受性。然而，事实证明，TRIA的叶面施用对var更有效。AARI-2011。