Standard surgical repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is via a right posterolateral thoracotomy. A recognized complication is the later development of scoliosis. The prevalence and pathogenesis of secondary scoliosis are poorly understood. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review on this topic. All English language articles reporting incidence, outcomes and/or interventions for scoliosis in children after EA repair via thoracotomy were identified. Fourteen relevant articles published between 1969 and 2019 reporting 1338 children were included in the analysis. The aggregate prevalence of scoliosis among 937 children without congenital vertebral anomalies was 13%, but this figure varied widely between studies. Severity of scoliosis was documented in 181 children; eight children had a Cobb angle > 40° and 10 had undergone spinal surgery. The spinal curvature in affected individuals was dominantly or exclusively convex to the left. In conclusion, the reported prevalence of scoliosis varies widely but on average affects about one in eight children after open repair of EA/TEF. Most cases are mild and do not require intervention. It is currently uncertain whether secondary scoliosis is preventable by using meticulous thoracotomy techniques or thoracoscopic repair. Level of evidence IV.

中文翻译：

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食管闭锁开胸修复术后脊柱侧弯的系统评价

食管闭锁/气管食管瘘 (EA/TEF) 的标准手术修复是通过右后外侧开胸手术。一个公认的并发症是脊柱侧弯的后期发展。继发性脊柱侧弯的患病率和发病机制知之甚少。因此，我们对这个主题进行了系统回顾。确定了所有报告通过开胸手术进行 EA 修复后儿童脊柱侧弯的发生率、结果和/或干预措施的英文文章。1969 年至 2019 年间发表的 14 篇相关文章报告了 1338 名儿童，被纳入分析。937 名没有先天性脊椎异常的儿童的脊柱侧弯总患病率为 13%，但这个数字在不同研究之间差异很大。记录了 181 名儿童的脊柱侧弯严重程度；八个孩子有一个科布角 > 40° 和 10 已经接受了脊柱手术。受影响个体的脊柱弯曲主要或完全向左凸。总之，报告的脊柱侧弯患病率差异很大，但平均而言，在 EA/TEF 开放修复后，大约有八分之一的儿童受到影响。大多数病例是轻微的，不需要干预。目前尚不确定是否可以通过精细的开胸技术或胸腔镜修复术来预防继发性脊柱侧弯。证据级别 IV。目前尚不确定是否可以通过精细的开胸技术或胸腔镜修复术来预防继发性脊柱侧弯。证据级别 IV。目前尚不确定是否可以通过精细的开胸技术或胸腔镜修复术来预防继发性脊柱侧弯。证据级别 IV。