The terms “safety and quality” (SAQ) have become inextricably linked, highly used terms that together encompass a wide range of parameters within medical departments. Safety has always been a priority in radiation oncology; quality assurance has been foundational to our practice. Despite this increased focus and attention on SAQ, the “what” of SAQ remains ill-defined, largely because of the vast number of indicators that fall under this umbrella. Similarly, the “how” of developing and maintaining the highest standards of SAQ is not formulaic and varies based on the unique setting of individual practices. There are several excellent resources available to inform SAQ in radiation oncology, including the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s “Safety Is No Accident,” which provides an overview of safety and quality standards and resources. This review is intended as a brief summary of key considerations, with the goal of providing a practical framework and context for improving or developing a SAQ program in radiation oncology practices. We believe that the following 10 key elements, drawn from numerous reports that have appeared over the last decade examining this topic, should be considered when conceptualizing a practice-based approach to SAQ: establishing a strong safety culture; establishing a structured program for safety and quality; establishing up-to-date, relevant, and accessible policies and procedures; a system for peer review; systems to assess and reduce risk; an educational program focused on safety and quality; development and review of meaningful quality metrics; utilization of a physics quality control system; well-defined models for staffing, training, and professional development; and finally, validation from external bodies via accreditations and audits. These 10 items are addressed herein.

“安全和质量”(SAQ) 一词已成为密不可分、使用率高的术语，它们共同包含医疗部门内的各种参数。安全一直是放射肿瘤学的优先事项；质量保证是我们实践的基础。尽管对 SAQ 的关注度和关注度有所增加，但 SAQ 的“内容”仍然不明确，这主要是因为该保护伞下有大量指标。同样，制定和维护 SAQ 最高标准的“方式”也不是公式化的，而是根据个人实践的独特设置而变化的。有多种优秀资源可用于通知放射肿瘤学中的 SAQ，包括美国放射肿瘤学会的“安全绝非偶然”，其中提供了安全和质量标准和资源的概述。本综述旨在简要总结关键考虑因素，目的是为改进或开发放射肿瘤学实践中的 SAQ 计划提供实用的框架和背景。我们认为，在对基于实践的 SAQ 方法进行概念化时，应考虑以下 10 个关键要素，这些要素来自过去十年中出现的大量研究该主题的报告：建立强大的安全文化；建立一个结构化的安全和质量计划；建立最新的、相关的和可访问的政策和程序；同行评审制度；评估和降低风险的系统；专注于安全和质量的教育计划；开发和审查有意义的质量指标；使用物理质量控制系统；用于人员配备、培训、和专业发展；最后，外部机构通过认证和审计进行验证。这 10 项在此进行了讨论。