The restacking tendency of 2D Ti₃C₂T_X (MXene) sheets is the main obstacle preventing their application as functional materials in hydrogel. Herein, we fabricated novel ultra-stable 3D MXene-polyacrylamide (PAM) nanocomposite hydrogels inspired by the structure of a spider web. In particular, MXene nanosheets were uniformly located in a gel medium by precise alignment of sonication treatments, followed by the in-situ self-assembly of PAM hydrogel. In this instance, the MXene nanosheets are well-confined and trapped (via strong interactions) by the interwoven spider web-like structure of the PAM chains, which grow in-situ on the surface of the nanosheets. This approach proved effective to solve problems associated with the poor stability of MXene nanosheets in the hydrogel; more prominently, the tight cross-linked structure endows the MXene-PAM hydrogel with anti-compressive and anti-swelling capabilities; the continuous distribution of MXene nanosheets connected by the PAM network creates electron transport pathways and proton transport bridges in the hydrogel. Therefore, the hydrogel can be employed as a temperature and strain sensor or as a component of moist-electric nanogenerator.

2D Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X（MXene）片的重堆积趋势是阻碍其用作水凝胶功能材料的主要障碍。在这里，我们受蜘蛛网结构的启发，制作了新颖的超稳定3D MXene-聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）纳米复合水凝胶。特别地，通过精确对准超声处理，然后进行PAM水凝胶的原位自组装，将MXene纳米片均匀地放置在凝胶介质中。在这种情况下，MXene纳米片被PAM链的交织蜘蛛网状结构很好地限制并捕获（通过强烈的相互作用），该结构原位生长在纳米片的表面上。实践证明，这种方法可有效解决与MXene纳米片在水凝胶中的稳定性差有关的问题。更重要的是，紧密的交联结构赋予MXene-PAM水凝胶以抗压和抗溶胀的能力。通过PAM网络连接的MXene纳米片的连续分布在水凝胶中创建了电子传输路径和质子传输桥。因此，水凝胶可以用作温度和应变传感器或用作湿电纳米发生器的组件。