Through the development of additive manufacturing (AM), significant progress has been made in the field of biomedical devices and bone tissue engineering. AM allows for the fabrication of site-specific implants with tailorable porosity and controlled chemistry through the utilization of innovative materials. With the development of composite scaffolds, valiant efforts have been made in relation to the biosignificance of synthetic bone grafting materials. This paradigm shift is only made possible by the discovery of new and novel compounds for scaffold preparation. There is a growing clinical interest regarding natural polymers in order to generate novel properties and functionalities in biomaterial applications. Through 3D printing (3DP) and AM techniques, natural polymer incorporation into bioceramic-based scaffolds and hydrogels has allowed for the advanced treatment of bone ailments and defects through the creation of novel, functionalized composite surfaces. Naturally sourced polymers including chitosan, alginate, collagen, gelatin, cellulose, hyaluronate, silk, fibrinogen, and starch show great potential in the biomedical field due to their inherent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and bioresorbability. This review paper will introduce these natural biopolymers alongside their traditional biomedical applications followed by traditional processing techniques of these biopolymers in conjunction with calcium phosphate in the manufacturing of scaffolds that can be used in the bone tissue engineering field. The final section of the review focuses on the advancement of AM of natural polymers with an emphasis on their applications as scaffolds and hydrogels also for utilization in the bone tissue engineering field.

中文翻译：

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用于骨组织工程的天然生物聚合物和复合材料的增材制造

通过增材制造（AM）的发展，在生物医学设备和骨组织工程领域取得了重大进展。通过利用创新材料，AM可以制造具有可调节的孔隙率和可控化学成分的特定部位植入物。随着复合支架的发展，在合成骨移植材料的生物意义方面做出了英勇的努力。只有通过发现用于脚手架制备的新型化合物才能使这种范式转变成为可能。为了在生物材料应用中产生新颖的特性和功能，关于天然聚合物的临床兴趣日益增长。通过3D打印（3DP）和增材制造技术，将天然聚合物掺入基于生物陶瓷的支架和水凝胶中，可以通过创建新颖的功能化复合材料表面来对骨病和缺陷进行高级治疗。天然来源的聚合物，包括壳聚糖，藻酸盐，胶原蛋白，明胶，纤维素，透明质酸，丝绸，纤维蛋白原和淀粉，由于其固有的生物相容性，生物活性和生物吸收性，在生物医学领域显示出巨大的潜力。本文将介绍这些天然生物聚合物及其传统生物医学应用，然后介绍这些生物聚合物与磷酸钙的传统加工技术，以制造可用于骨组织工程领域的支架。