Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Many BSR genes have been cloned in plants and have been found to encode pattern recognition receptors, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors, and defense-signaling and pathogenesis-related proteins. In addition, the BSR genes that underlie quantitative trait loci, loss of susceptibility and nonhost resistance have also been characterized. Here, we comprehensively review the advances made in the identification and characterization of BSR genes in various species and examine their application in crop breeding. We also discuss the challenges and their solutions for the use of BSR genes in the breeding of disease-resistant crops. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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利用作物的广谱抗病性：从分子解剖到育种

植物病害降低作物产量并威胁全球粮食安全，因此选择抗病品种成为作物育种的主要目标。广谱抗性 (BSR) 是一种理想的性状，因为它可以对一种以上的病原体物种或对同一病原体的大多数种族或菌株产生抗性。许多 BSR 基因已被克隆到植物中，并被发现编码模式识别受体、核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸的重复受体以及防御信号和发病机制相关蛋白。此外，作为数量性状基因座、易感性丧失和非寄主抗性基础的 BSR 基因也已被表征。这里，我们全面回顾了在不同物种中 BSR 基因的鉴定和表征方面取得的进展，并研究了它们在作物育种中的应用。我们还讨论了在抗病作物育种中使用 BSR 基因的挑战及其解决方案。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。