Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context in order to link them to observed phases in growth rate that occur in response to stress. Recent advances in phenotyping can now functionally or genetically link cellular signaling responses, ion transport, water management, and gene expression to growth, development, and survival. Halophytes, which are naturally salt-tolerant plants, are highlighted as success stories to learn from. We emphasize that (a) filling the major knowledge gaps in salt-induced signaling pathways, (b) increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of our knowledge of salt stress responses, (c) discovering and considering crop-specific responses, and (d) including halophytes in our comparative studies are all essential in order to take our approaches to increasing crop yields in saline soils to the next level. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物的耐盐机制

由于土壤盐渍化造成的作物损失对全世界的农业构成越来越大的威胁。这篇综述概述了植物对盐分反应的细胞和生理机制。我们将细胞反应置于时间和组织依赖性环境中，以便将它们与观察到的生长速率阶段联系起来，这些阶段是响应压力而发生的。表型分析的最新进展现在可以在功能或基因上将细胞信号反应、离子转运、水管理和基因表达与生长、发育和存活联系起来。盐生植物是天然耐盐植物，被强调为值得学习的成功案例。我们强调（a）填补盐诱导信号通路的主要知识空白，（b）增加我们对盐胁迫反应知识的空间和时间分辨率，(c) 发现和考虑作物特异性反应，以及 (d) 在我们的比较研究中包括盐生植物都是必不可少的，以便我们将盐渍土壤中的作物产量提高到一个新的水平。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。