Small GTP-binding proteins represent a highly conserved signaling module in eukaryotes that regulates diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular membrane trafficking and transport vesicle formation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between active and inactive states, and this cycle is linked to GTP binding and hydrolysis. In this review, the roles of the plant complement of small GTP-binding proteins in these cellular processes are described, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and current understanding of the functions of individual members of these families in plants-with a focus on the model organism Arabidopsis-is presented. Some potential novel roles of these GTPases in plants, relative to their established roles in yeast and/or animal systems, are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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植物中的小 GTPase 超家族：具有新功能的保守调控模块

小 GTP 结合蛋白代表真核生物中高度保守的信号模块，可调节多种细胞过程，如信号转导、细胞骨架组织和细胞极性、细胞增殖和分化、细胞内膜运输和运输囊泡形成以及核质运输。这些蛋白质起到分子开关的作用，在活性和非活性状态之间循环，这个循环与 GTP 结合和水解有关。在这篇综述中，描述了小 GTP 结合蛋白的植物补体在这些细胞过程中的作用，以及控制其活性的辅助蛋白，以及目前对植物中这些家族个体成员功能的理解重点介绍模式生物拟南芥。