Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids are major regulators of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell division, membrane trafficking, cell growth, and gene expression. In this review, we describe the functions of anionic lipids from a cellular perspective. Using the localization of each anionic lipid and its related metabolic enzymes as starting points, we summarize their roles within the different compartments of the endomembrane system and address their associated developmental and physiological consequences.

中文翻译：

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阴离子脂质在植物中的作用

阴离子磷脂，包括磷脂酸、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷酸肌醇，占膜脂的一小部分。它们能够调节膜的物理特性，例如它们的表面电荷、曲率或蛋白质簇。此外，通过介导与许多膜相关蛋白的相互作用，它们是建立细胞器特性和动力学的关键组成部分。最后，阴离子脂质还充当信号分子，因为它们由一组专用酶快速产生或相互转化。因此，阴离子脂质是许多基本细胞过程的主要调节剂，包括细胞信号传导、细胞分裂、膜运输、细胞生长和基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们从细胞的角度描述了阴离子脂质的功能。