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Availability and Toxic Level of Cadmium, Lead and Nickel in Contaminated Soils
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-24 , DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1763396
E. B. Silva 1 , I. S. Alves 1 , L. R.F. Alleoni 2 , P. H. Grazziotti 1 , M. M. M. Farnezi 1 , L. L. Santos 1 , J. T. Prochnow 1 , I. C. I. Fontan 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT The entry of Cd, Pb and Ni into the environment is a cause of concern due to potential toxicity of these metals to plants, animals, and humans. The present study evaluated the availability of Cd, Pb, and Ni to plants through soils. We examined three soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment (TQ), Xantic Hapludox (XH) and Rhodic Hapludox (RH)) with addition four rates of heavy metals: Cd (0, 2, 4 and 12 mg), Pb (0, 45, 90 and 270 mg) and Ni (0, 20, 40, 120 mg) per kg soil with reference to the corresponding rates defined in soil investigation values of the Brazilian environmental legislation. The availability of Cd, Pb and Ni was higher in the TQ than in XH and RH, and the roots and shoots of corn plants grown in TQ yielded the highest concentrations of toxic metals. Soil extraction with diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) effectively assessed the bioavailability of Cd and Pb, while soil extractions with Mehlich-1 and aqua regia effectivety evaluated the bioavailability of Ni. The levels at which Cd, Pb, and Ni became toxic for plants were determined via extractioned by Mehlich-1, DTPA, Mehlich-3, and aqua regia. Plant growth was shown to influence heavy metal toxicity, with higher growth rates lowering the toxic effect of the metal. Cd, Ni, and Pb exhibited higher availiability in soils with low clay concentrations and were more easily absorbed by plants in those soils.

中文翻译:

受污染土壤中镉、铅和镍的有效性和毒性水平

摘要 Cd、Pb 和 Ni 进入环境是一个令人担忧的问题,因为这些金属对植物、动物和人类有潜在的毒性。本研究评估了 Cd、Pb 和 Ni 通过土壤对植物的有效性。我们检查了三种土壤类型(Typic Quartzipsamment (TQ)、Xantic Hapludox (XH) 和 Rhodic Hapludox (RH)),并添加了四种重金属:Cd(0、2、4 和 12 mg)、Pb(0、45、 90 和 270 毫克)和镍(0、20、40、120 毫克)每公斤土壤,参考巴西环境立法土壤调查值中定义的相应比率。TQ 中 Cd、Pb 和 Ni 的有效性高于 XH 和 RH,并且在 TQ 中生长的玉米植物的根和芽产生最高浓度的有毒金属。使用二乙烯三胺五乙酸 (DTPA) 进行土壤提取有效地评估了 Cd 和 Pb 的生物有效性,而使用 Mehlich-1 和王水进行的土壤提取有效性评估了 Ni 的生物有效性。通过 Mehlich-1、DTPA、Mehlich-3 和王水提取,确定 Cd、Pb 和 Ni 对植物产生毒性的水平。植物生长被证明会影响重金属毒性,较高的生长速度会降低金属的毒性作用。Cd、Ni 和 Pb 在粘土浓度低的土壤中表现出更高的可用性,并且更容易被这些土壤中的植物吸收。通过 Mehlich-1、DTPA、Mehlich-3 和王水提取确定 Ni 对植物产生毒性。植物生长被证明会影响重金属毒性,较高的生长速度会降低金属的毒性作用。Cd、Ni 和 Pb 在粘土浓度低的土壤中表现出更高的可用性,并且更容易被这些土壤中的植物吸收。通过 Mehlich-1、DTPA、Mehlich-3 和王水提取确定 Ni 对植物产生毒性。植物生长被证明会影响重金属毒性,较高的生长速度会降低金属的毒性作用。Cd、Ni 和 Pb 在粘土浓度低的土壤中表现出更高的可用性,并且更容易被这些土壤中的植物吸收。
更新日期:2020-05-24
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