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Quantifying the Economic Cost of Reducing GHG Emissions through Changes in Household Demand: A Linear Multi-Sectoral Approach for European Countries
Atmosphere ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-24 , DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050545
Alfredo J. Mainar-Causapé , Margarita I. Barrera-Lozano , Patricia D. Fuentes-Saguar

The mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be approached in various ways: from the supply side, by using improvements in technologies and input uses; and from the changes in the demand for products, by influencing consumer behavior to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern. Either way it can be approached using multi-sectoral data based on an input–output or on a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, although a suitable database and the proposal of appropriate indicators are needed. A suitable database is developed through the estimation of new SAMs for the latest possible period, that of year 2015. This paper focuses on the demand approach: that of changes in the demand for products. It analyzes the different impacts among activities and commodities of a change in domestic household consumption patterns, compares the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions obtained through the reduction of specific demands, and considers the consequent reduction in output and employment. For this purpose, a linear multi-sectoral analysis is employed that focuses on the main EU member states. Despite major differences between countries, the results show that a decrease in emissions through demand-reduction policies exerts greater negative effects on those less polluting sectors with a higher intensity in the labor force, and offers a more suitable option for those highly polluting sectors with a lower concentration of the work factor. Richer countries that are based on service sectors therefore suffer a sharper drop in employment using this kind of policy.

中文翻译:

通过家庭需求变化量化减少温室气体排放的经济成本:欧洲国家的线性多部门方法

缓解温室气体排放的方法有多种:从供应方出发,通过使用技术和投入用途方面的改进;从产品需求的变化,通过影响消费者的行为来实现更可持续的消费模式。不管采用哪种方法,都可以使用基于投入产出或基于社会会计矩阵(SAM)框架的多部门数据,尽管需要合适的数据库和适当指标的建议。通过估计最新的SAM(即2015年),开发了一个合适的数据库。本文着重于需求方法:产品需求变化的方法。它分析了家庭住户消费方式变化对活动和商品的不同影响,比较了通过减少特定需求而获得的温室气体(GHG)排放量的潜在减少量,并考虑了随之而来的产量和就业量的减少。为此,采用了线性多部门分析,重点是欧盟主要成员国。尽管各国之间存在重大分歧,但结果表明,通过减少需求政策减少排放量对那些劳动强度较高的污染较小的部门产生了更大的负面影响,并为那些具有较高劳动强度的高污染部门提供了更合适的选择。降低工作因子的集中度。因此,以服务业为基础的富裕国家使用这种政策会使就业急剧下降。并考虑了产量和就业的减少。为此,采用了线性多部门分析,重点是欧盟主要成员国。尽管各国之间存在重大分歧,但结果表明,通过减少需求政策减少排放量对那些劳动强度较高的污染较小的部门产生了更大的负面影响,并为那些具有较高劳动强度的高污染部门提供了更合适的选择。降低工作因子的集中度。因此,以服务业为基础的富裕国家使用这种政策会使就业急剧下降。并考虑了产量和就业的减少。为此,采用了线性多部门分析,重点是欧盟主要成员国。尽管各国之间存在重大分歧,但结果表明,通过减少需求政策减少排放量对那些劳动强度较高的污染较小的部门产生了更大的负面影响,并为那些具有较高劳动强度的高污染部门提供了更合适的选择。降低工作因子的集中度。因此,以服务业为基础的富裕国家使用这种政策会使就业急剧下降。结果表明,通过减少需求政策减少排放量对那些劳动强度较高的污染程度较低的部门产生更大的负面影响,并为那些工作因子浓度较低的高度污染部门提供了更合适的选择。因此,以服务业为基础的富裕国家使用这种政策会使就业急剧下降。结果表明,通过减少需求政策减少排放量对那些劳动强度较高的污染较小的部门产生了更大的负面影响,并为那些工作因子浓度较低的高度污染的部门提供了更合适的选择。因此,以服务业为基础的富裕国家使用这种政策会使就业急剧下降。
更新日期:2020-05-24
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