In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid‐containing phospholipids (DHA‐PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA‐PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA‐PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA‐PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by‐products, few microorganisms for DHA‐PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA‐PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA‐PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA‐PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA‐PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA‐PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA‐PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA‐PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA‐PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA‐PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA‐PLs and the acceptance of consumers.

中文翻译：

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外源性含二十二碳六烯酸磷脂的研究进展：来源、位置异构、生物活性和优势

近年来，含二十二碳六烯酸的磷脂（DHA-PLs）因其独特的健康益处而备受关注。与其他形式的二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 相比，DHA-PLs 具有优越的生物学效应（如抗癌、调节脂质代谢、视觉发育、大脑和神经系统生化反应），代谢机制更复杂，对消费者的吸引力更强。 . DHA-PLs 的生产受到一些挑战的阻碍，这些挑战与天然来源中 DHA-PLs 的含量有限、副产品利用不完全、用于 DHA-PLs 生产的微生物很少、成本高以及人工制备 DHA 的过程复杂有关-PL。本文总结了DHA-PLs的来源、生物活性和商业应用，深入讨论了 DHA-PL 相对于 DHA 的优势、磷脂 (PL) 中 DHA 的异构现象以及大脑健康。DHA-PLs 的优良生物学特性主要与 DHA 和 PLs 有关。不同 DHA-PLs 的代谢命运从 DHA 在 PLs 中的位置到 DHA-PLs 中的极性基团不等。总体而言，充分了解 DHA-PLs 的来源和特性对于加快 DHA-PLs 的生产、从经济上提升 DHA-PLs 的价值、提高 DHA-PLs 的适用性和消费者的接受度至关重要。不同 DHA-PLs 的代谢命运从 DHA 在 PLs 中的位置到 DHA-PLs 中的极性基团不等。总体而言，充分了解 DHA-PLs 的来源和特性对于加快 DHA-PLs 的生产、从经济上提升 DHA-PLs 的价值、提高 DHA-PLs 的适用性和消费者的接受度至关重要。不同 DHA-PLs 的代谢命运从 DHA 在 PLs 中的位置到 DHA-PLs 中的极性基团不等。总体而言，充分了解 DHA-PLs 的来源和特性对于加快 DHA-PLs 的生产、从经济上提升 DHA-PLs 的价值、提高 DHA-PLs 的适用性和消费者的接受度至关重要。