From only a single spoken word, listeners can form a wealth of first impressions of a person’s character traits and personality based on their voice. However, due to the substantial within‐person variability in voices, these trait judgements are likely to be highly stimulus‐dependent for unfamiliar voices: The same person may sound very trustworthy in one recording but less trustworthy in another. How trait judgements differ when listeners are familiar with a voice is unclear: Are listeners who are familiar with the voices as susceptible to the effects of within‐person variability? Does the semantic knowledge listeners have about a familiar person influence their judgements? In the current study, we tested the effect of familiarity on listeners’ trait judgements from variable voices across 3 experiments. Using a between‐subjects design, we contrasted trait judgements by listeners who were familiar with a set of voices – either through laboratory‐based training or through watching a TV show – with listeners who were unfamiliar with the voices. We predicted that familiarity with the voices would reduce variability in trait judgements for variable voice recordings from the same identity (cf. Mileva, Kramer & Burton, Perception, 48, 471 and 2019, for faces). However, across the 3 studies and two types of measures to assess variability, we found no compelling evidence to suggest that trait impressions were systematically affected by familiarity.

中文翻译：

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对声音的熟悉如何影响特质判断？

聆听者仅需说一个字就可以根据自己的声音对人的性格特征和性格形成丰富的第一印象。但是，由于人声内部的巨大差异，对于不熟悉的声音，这些特征判断可能高度依赖于刺激：同一个人在一张录音中听起来可能非常值得信赖，而在另一张录音中则不太值得信赖。当听众熟悉声音时，特质判断有何不同尚不清楚：熟悉声音的听众是否容易受到人际变异的影响？语义知识侦听者是否了解熟悉的人会影响他们的判断？在当前的研究中，我们通过3个实验测试了不同声音对听众性格判断的熟悉程度。使用主体间设计，我们将熟悉一组声音的听众（通过基于实验室的培训或通过观看电视节目）与不熟悉声音的听众进行了特质判断。我们预计，对相同身份的可变声音录音，熟悉声音会减少性状判断的差异（参见Mileva，Kramer和Burton，感知（48，471 and 2019，for faces）。但是，在这3项研究和两种评估变异性的方法中，我们没有发现有力的证据表明特质印象会受到熟悉性的系统影响。