Objective

To determine the association of gender with serum potassium, sodium and calcium disorders in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, and meanwhile investigate other risk factors.

Methods

516 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical characteristics were collected. Serum potassium, sodium and calcium levels were measured. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors.

Results

Hypokalemia is the most common electrolyte disorder (50.2%) after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, followed by hyponatremia (19.8%), hypocalcemia (13.8%) and hypernatremia (12.0%), hyperkalemia (2.5%) and hypercalcemia (0.4%). Most of electrolyte disorders occurred within a week after the onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The incidence rate of hypokalemia was higher in females than in males (61.7% vs 42.3%, χ²=18.676, P<0.001), but the incidence rates of hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and hypernatremia were not statistically different between females and males (all P>0.05). Gender was associated with hypokalemia with females having increased risk, while gender was not associated with hypernatremia, hypocalcemia and hyponatremia. In addition, surgical treatment was a risk factor of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and hypernatremia, both breaking into ventricle and age were risk factors of hyponatremia and hypocalcemia, and bleeding site was a risk factor of hypocalcemia and hypernatremia.

Conclusion

In the treatment of female patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, the clinician should pay attention to potassium chloride supplementation and monitor its intensity. Within a week after intracerebral hemorrhage, individuals most prone to electrolyte disorders determined according to the identified risk factors should be monitored as early as possible, and the disorders should be promptly corrected.

中文翻译：

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高血压脑出血后性与血清钾，钠和钙障碍的关联。

目的

为了确定高血压脑出血患者的性别与血清钾，钠和钙障碍的相关性，同时调查其他危险因素。

方法

回顾性研究516例高血压脑出血患者。收集临床特征。测量血清钾，钠和钙水平。进行多变量分析以识别危险因素。

结果

低钾血症是高血压脑出血后最常见的电解质紊乱（50.2％），其次是低钠血症（19.8％），低钙血症（13.8％）和高钠血症（12.0％），高钾血症（2.5％）和高钙血症（0.4％）。多数电解质紊乱发生在高血压性脑出血发作后一周内。低钾血症的发病率在女性高于男性（61.7％对42.3％，χ ² = 18.676 ，P <0.001），但低钠血症，低钙血症和高钠血症的发病率没有女性和男性之间统计学上不同（所有P >0.05）。性别与低钾血症相关，女性风险增加，而性别与高钠血症，低钙血症和低钠血症无关。此外，外科手术治疗是低血钾，低钠血症，低钙血症和高钠血症的危险因素，进入脑室和年龄都是低钠血症和低钙血症的危险因素，出血部位是低钙血症和高钠血症的危险因素。

结论

在女性高血压脑出血患者的治疗中，临床医生应注意补充氯化钾并监测其强度。脑出血后一周内，应根据发现的危险因素对最容易出现电解质紊乱的个体进行早期监测，并应迅速纠正这种紊乱。