Abstract Two-year-old pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) plants of the commercial cultivars Wonderful (W) and Parfianka (P) were subjected for 47 days in the substrate to four salt concentrations (0, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl), in order to evaluate their strategies in terms of Na+/Cl− translocation and tissue/organ compartmentalization, as well as of antioxidant and osmoprotectant mechanisms. Regardless of salt concentrations, mature leaves of both cultivars accumulated high concentrations of Na+ and Cl−, showed strong decreases in PSII photochemical efficiency and finally died, suggesting that a salt-induced ion-specific toxicity occurred. Conversely, these detrimental effects occurred later and at a lower magnitude in young leaves, likely as a consequence of a Na+ and Cl− compartmentalization in mature leaves and roots. Differential responses between cultivars was, instead, observed in terms of biochemical pathways, with P plants more activating osmolyte accumulation at root and leaf level (e.g. proline, abscisic acid and carbohydrates), antioxidant system (e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) and macronutrient distribution than W plants. However, both cultivars resulted salt-tolerant, as confirmed by their ability to safeguard biomass production.

中文翻译：

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石榴品种的差异反应策略导致对盐浓度增加的相似耐受性

摘要 商业栽培品种 Wonderful (W) 和 Parfianka (P) 的两年生石榴 (Punica granatum L.) 植物在基质中经受四种盐浓度 (0、100、150 和 200 mM NaCl) 47 天，为了评估他们在 Na+/Cl- 易位和组织/器官区室化以及抗氧化和渗透保护机制方面的策略。无论盐浓度如何，两个品种的成熟叶片都积累了高浓度的 Na+ 和 Cl-，PSII 光化学效率显着下降并最终死亡，表明发生了盐诱导的离子特异性毒性。相反，这些有害影响在幼叶中发生的时间较晚且幅度较低，这可能是成熟叶和根中 Na+ 和 Cl- 区室化的结果。相反，在生化途径方面观察到栽培品种之间的差异反应，P 植物更多地激活根和叶水平的渗透物积累（例如脯氨酸、脱落酸和碳水化合物）、抗氧化系统（例如超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性）和常量营养素分布比W植物。然而，这两个栽培品种都具有耐盐性，正如它们保护生物质生产的能力所证实的那样。