Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) is a widely used technology to desalinate water. In this work, several methods are proposed to increase the recovery of RO. The proposed methods are hybrid systems with a combination of RO, chemical deposition (CD) coupled with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and membrane distillation (MD). The proposed setups were assessed on a techno-economic level. The MD lab tests showed scaling on the membranes which indicate that pre-treatment is needed for treating RO-brine. Secondly, the proposed methods were tested on a pilot-scale to determine the maximum recovery of each system. The sensitivity analysis shows that the cost of water (COW) is mostly influenced by the total water production, which influences the capital cost. Therefore, more work is needed to reduce the capital cost of MD. When adding antiscalant to RO + MD, a base case COW of 0.633 USD/m3 and overall recovery of 84.59% was reached. The other setups had lower recovery, 66.93%, 72.73% and 73.38% for RO + CD + UF + MD, RO + NF + MD and RO + NF + antiscalant+MD, respectively, while the base case COW of these setups were 0.692, 0.7 and 0.698 USD/m3, respectively.

中文翻译：

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气隙膜蒸馏 (AGMD) 海水反渗透 (SWRO) 盐水处理的技术经济评估

摘要 反渗透（RO）是一种广泛使用的海水淡化技术。在这项工作中，提出了几种方法来提高 RO 的回收率。所提出的方法是混合系统，结合了 RO、化学沉积 (CD) 与超滤 (UF)、纳滤 (NF) 和膜蒸馏 (MD) 的结合。建议的设置是在技术经济层面上进行评估的。MD 实验室测试显示膜上有水垢，这表明需要预处理来处理 RO 盐水。其次，所提出的方法在中试规模上进行了测试，以确定每个系统的最大回收率。敏感性分析表明，水成本（COW）主要受总产水量的影响，从而影响资本成本。因此，需要做更多的工作来降低 MD 的资本成本。当向 RO + MD 添加阻垢剂时，基本情况 COW 为 0.633 美元/立方米，总回收率为 84.59%。其他设置的回收率较低，RO + CD + UF + MD、RO + NF + MD 和 RO + NF + 阻垢剂 + MD 的回收率分别为 66.93%、72.73% 和 73.38%，而这些设置的基本情况 COW 为 0.692 、 0.7 和 0.698 美元/立方米，分别。