Abstract Poultices, predominantly based on clays or silica powders, are commonly used by restorers for cleaning operations and disinfection of stone surfaces. However, operators often use poultices without paying particular attention to kinetics of release of the used antimicrobial agent from different types of supporting material. Cleaning procedures with poultices generally require fast and nearly complete release of the active agent. In this paper, releases of a commonly used antimicrobial ammonium salt (i.e. N-alkyl-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, shortly known as benzalkonium chloride, BAC) from poultices based on a sepiolite clay (Sep) or on a silica fume (SiO2), are studied by different techniques (WAXD, TGA, FT-IR, UV–Vis). Cation release from these poultices in aqueous media has been compared with those observed from intercalated compounds with a smectite clay (montmorillonite, Mt). Our results show that, for cleaning and disinfecting operations that require fast ammonium salt release, silica-based poultices would be preferred.

中文翻译：

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用于石材表面保护和消毒的清洁膏药中的抗菌剂释放

摘要 主要基于粘土或硅粉的膏药，通常被修复师用于石材表面的清洁操作和消毒。然而，操作人员经常使用膏药而没有特别注意所用抗菌剂从不同类型的支持材料中释放的动力学。使用膏剂的清洁程序通常需要快速且几乎完全释放活性剂。在本文中，一种常用的抗菌铵盐（即 N-烷基-N-苄基-N,N-二甲基氯化铵，简称为苯扎氯铵，BAC）从基于海泡石粘土 (Sep) 或基于硅粉 (SiO2)，通过不同的技术（WAXD、TGA、FT-IR、UV-Vis）进行研究。已将这些膏剂在水性介质中的阳离子释放与从具有蒙脱石粘土（蒙脱石，Mt）的插层化合物中观察到的阳离子释放进行比较。我们的结果表明，对于需要快速释放铵盐的清洁和消毒操作，硅基膏药将是首选。