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Influence of habitat conditions on group size, social organization, and birth pattern of golden langur (Trachypithecus geei)
Primates ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00829-y
Joydeep Shil 1, 2, 3 , Jihosuo Biswas 3 , Honnavalli N Kumara 1
Affiliation  

We studied endangered golden langurs in fragmented and altered habitats to understand the consequences of habitat conditions on group size, social organization, and birth seasonality. We selected 12 groups inhabiting forest edge and forest core of Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary (henceforth Chakrashila WLS) and adjoining the Abhaya rubber plantation. Each group was monitored every month from May 2013 to September 2016 and recorded the age–sex of individuals in the group. The births were recorded with the individual identity of females in five focal groups. The overall group size of golden langur was 11.3 ± 3.5SD, and ranged between 5 and 18. The mean group size in forest core, forest edge, and rubber plantation differed significantly. We recorded a total of 46 births in 12 groups across the three different habitats. The number of infants correlates positively with adult females and group size across all the 12 groups for all the years. The number of births that occurred in all the months varied significantly across the months. Births occurred in all the months but peaked between May and September (82.6%). The mean number of births positively correlated with mean monthly rainfall. Mean inter-birth interval was 24.5 ± 1.6SD months that did not vary between the females. It therefore appears that group size is sensitive to forest type, and births are positively related to social and environmental factors. The behavioral parameters may influence life-history traits if continuous habitat alteration persists.

中文翻译:

栖息地条件对金叶猴(Trachypithecus geei)群体规模、社会组织和出生模式的影响

我们在破碎和改变的栖息地中研究了濒临灭绝的金叶猴,以了解栖息地条件对群体规模、社会组织和出生季节性的影响。我们选择了 12 个居住在 Chakrashila 野生动物保护区(以下称为 Chakrashila WLS)的森林边缘和森林核心以及毗邻 Abhaya 橡胶种植园的群体。2013 年 5 月至 2016 年 9 月每个月对每个组进行监测,并记录该组个体的年龄-性别。以五个焦点组中女性的个体身份记录出生。金叶猴的总体群体大小为 11.3 ± 3.5SD,范围在 5 到 18 之间。森林核心、林缘和橡胶林的平均群体大小差异显着。我们在三个不同的栖息地共记录了 12 组 46 次出生。婴儿数量与所有年份的所有 12 组的成年女性和组大小呈正相关。在所有月份中发生的出生人数在不同月份之间差异很大。出生在所有月份都发生,但在 5 月和 9 月之间达到顶峰(82.6%)。平均出生人数与月平均降雨量呈正相关。平均生育间隔为 24.5 ± 1.6SD 月,女性之间没有差异。因此,群体规模似乎对森林类型很敏感,而出生与社会和环境因素呈正相关。如果持续的栖息地改变持续存在,行为参数可能会影响生活史特征。在所有月份中发生的出生人数在不同月份之间差异很大。出生在所有月份都发生,但在 5 月和 9 月之间达到顶峰(82.6%)。平均出生人数与月平均降雨量呈正相关。平均生育间隔为 24.5 ± 1.6SD 月,女性之间没有差异。因此,群体规模似乎对森林类型很敏感,而出生与社会和环境因素呈正相关。如果持续的栖息地改变持续存在,行为参数可能会影响生活史特征。在所有月份中发生的出生人数在不同月份之间差异很大。出生在所有月份都发生,但在 5 月和 9 月之间达到顶峰(82.6%)。平均出生人数与月平均降雨量呈正相关。平均生育间隔为 24.5 ± 1.6SD 月,女性之间没有差异。因此,群体规模似乎对森林类型很敏感,而出生与社会和环境因素呈正相关。如果持续的栖息地改变持续存在,行为参数可能会影响生活史特征。因此,群体规模似乎对森林类型很敏感,而出生与社会和环境因素呈正相关。如果持续的栖息地改变持续存在,行为参数可能会影响生活史特征。因此,群体规模似乎对森林类型很敏感,而出生与社会和环境因素呈正相关。如果持续的栖息地改变持续存在,行为参数可能会影响生活史特征。
更新日期:2020-05-24
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