While metacognitive interventions are gaining attention in the treatment of various mental disorders, a review of the literature showed that the term is often defined poorly and used for a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches that do not necessarily pursue the same goal. We give a summary of three metacognitive interventions which were developed within a sound theoretical framework—metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, and metacognitively-oriented integrative psychotherapies—and discuss their similarities and distinctive features. We then offer an integrative operational definition of metacognitive interventions as goal-oriented treatments that target metacognitive content, which is characterized by the awareness and understanding of one’s own thoughts and feelings as well as the thoughts and feelings of others. They aim to alleviate disorder-specific and individual symptoms by gaining more flexibility in cognitive processing.

中文翻译：

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元认知在精神障碍患者治疗中的概念

虽然元认知干预在治疗各种精神障碍方面越来越受到关注，但对文献的回顾表明，该术语通常定义不明确，用于各种不一定追求相同目标的心理治疗方法。我们总结了在一个健全的理论框架内发展起来的三种元认知干预措施——元认知疗法、元认知训练和元认知导向的综合心理疗法——并讨论了它们的相似之处和独特之处。然后，我们提供了元认知干预的综合操作定义，即针对元认知内容的面向目标的治疗，其特征是对自己的思想和感受以及他人的思想和感受的意识和理解。