The increasing electric vehicle (EV) penetration in a distribution network triggers the need for EV charging coordination. This paper firstly proposes a hierarchical EV charging coordination model and an algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation. A barrier to the implementation of the coordination algorithm is that there usually does not exist a reliable coordinator of charging stations. This paper shows that an unreliable coordinator may collude with some charging stations and behave dishonestly by disobeying the coordination algorithm. Thus, the collusion coalition can gain more profits while lowering the profits of others and the total social welfare. To provide reliable coordination of charging stations, a novel blockchain-based coordination platform via Ethereum is established, including a coordination structure and a smart contract. A mathematical analysis is given to show that the proposed platform can mitigate the collusion behaviors in the coordination. Simulation results show the consequence of collusion and how blockchain can prevent the collusion.

中文翻译：

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通过区块链协调电动汽车充电

电动汽车（EV）在配电网络中的普及程度不断提高，引发了对EV充电协调的需求。首先提出了一种分层的电动汽车充电协调模型和一种基于拉格朗日松弛的算法。实施协调算法的障碍是通常不存在可靠的充电站协调器。本文表明，不可靠的协调器可能会与某些充电站串通，并通过违反协调算法而表现不诚实。因此，共谋联盟可以获取更多利润，同时降低他人的利润和整个社会福利。为了提供充电站的可靠协调，通过以太坊建立了一个新颖的基于区块链的协调平台，包括协调结构和智能合约。进行了数学分析，表明所提出的平台可以减轻协调中的串谋行为。仿真结果显示了共谋的后果以及区块链如何防止共谋。