The mobility of coastal dunes is characterised by bio-geomorphological responses related to change in boundary conditions, particularly sediment supply, wind and vegetation cover, as well as human activities. There remains uncertainty regarding the relative importance of these drivers on dune mobility at a global scale. In this study, trends and dominant drivers of coastal dune mobility are synthesised through the literature review focusing on shifts in dune mobility over the last century (1870–2018). In total, 176 individual dunes, with 55 dunes from the Europe-Mediterranean area, 23 from Africa, 30 from North America, 23 from South America, 20 from Oceania and 23 from Asia, are reviewed in this work. The results show that there is a worldwide trend of dune stabilisation, with 93% (164 out of 176) of the reviewed sites showing a loss of bare sand area due to an increase in vegetation cover and urbanisation expansion. Multiple factors have contributed to the stabilisation process, including (a) land-use change such as the change of traditional farming practises, coastal urbanisation and tourism development; (b) dune stabilisation projects; (c) sediment decline caused by the riverine and coastal constructions; and (d) change in climate (i.e. the decrease in windiness, and the increase in temperature and rainfall) and storms. Our results suggest human intervention played a dominant role in altering dune mobility for most dunes during the past century, while climate and storms are also important drivers, especially for dune sites with limited human activities.

中文翻译：

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过去一个世纪的沿海沙丘流动性：全球回顾

沿海沙丘的流动性以与边界条件变化相关的生物地貌响应为特征，特别是沉积物供应、风和植被覆盖以及人类活动。这些驱动因素对全球范围内沙丘流动性的相对重要性仍存在不确定性。在这项研究中，沿海沙丘流动性的趋势和主要驱动因素是通过文献综述综合的，重点是上个世纪（1870-2018 年）沙丘流动性的变化。这项工作总共审查了 176 个独立沙丘，其中 55 个沙丘来自欧洲-地中海地区，23 个来自非洲，30 个来自北美洲，23 个来自南美洲，20 个来自大洋洲，23 个来自亚洲。结果表明，沙丘稳定存在世界范围内的趋势，由于植被覆盖增加和城市化扩张，93%（176 个中的 164 个）显示裸沙面积减少。多种因素促成了稳定进程，包括 (a) 土地利用的变化，例如传统耕作方式的变化、沿海城市化和旅游业的发展；(b) 沙丘稳定项目；(c) 河流和沿海建设造成的沉积物减少；(d) 气候变化（即风量减少，温度和降雨量增加）和风暴。我们的研究结果表明，在过去一个世纪，人类干预在改变大多数沙丘的流动性方面发挥了主导作用，而气候和风暴也是重要的驱动因素，尤其是对于人类活动有限的沙丘地点。