In four studies, we addressed whether group membership influences behavioral and neural responses to the social exclusion of others. Participants played a modified three-player Cyberball game (Studies 1–3) or a team-selection task (Study 4) in the absence or presence of a minimal group setting. In the absence of a minimal group, when one player excluded another player, participants actively included the excluded target. When the excluder was from the in-group and the excluded player from the out-group, participants were less likely to intervene (Studies 1–3) and also more often went along with the exclusion (Study 4). Functional magnetic resonance imaging results (Study 3) showed that greater exclusion in the minimal group setting concurred with increased activation in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, a region associated with overriding cognitive conflict. Self-reports from Study 4 supported these results by showing that participants’ responses to the target’s exclusion were motivated by group membership as well as participants’ general aversion to exclude others. Together, the findings suggest that when people witness social exclusion, group membership triggers a motivational conflict between favoring the in-group and including the out-group target. This underscores the importance of group composition for understanding the dynamics of social exclusion.

中文翻译：

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跳上“坏车”？团体成员如何影响对他人社会排斥的反应。

在四项研究中，我们探讨了群体成员身份是否影响他人对社会排斥的行为和神经反应。参与者在没有最小组设置的情况下玩了改良的三人玩电子球游戏（研究1-3）或团队选择任务（研究4）。在没有最小组的情况下，当一个玩家排除另一个玩家时，参与者会主动包含排除的目标。当排除者来自组内参与者而被排除的玩家来自组外参与者时，参与者的干预可能性较小（研究1-3），并且被排斥的可能性更大（研究4）。功能性磁共振成像结果（研究3）显示，最小组设置中的更大排斥性与背外侧前额叶皮层的激活增加有关，与压倒性认知冲突有关的区域。研究4的自我报告支持了这些结果，表明参与者对目标被排除的反应是由团体成员以及参与者普遍厌恶排斥他人的动机所推动的。总之，研究结果表明，当人们目睹社会排斥时，团体成员会在偏爱团体内目标与包括团体外目标之间引发动机冲突。这强调了群体组成对于理解社会排斥动态的重要性。研究结果表明，当人们目睹社会排斥时，团体成员会在偏爱团体内目标与包括团体外目标之间引发动机冲突。这强调了群体组成对于理解社会排斥动态的重要性。研究结果表明，当人们目睹社会排斥时，团体成员会在偏爱团体内目标与包括团体外目标之间引发动机冲突。这强调了群体组成对于理解社会排斥动态的重要性。