ABSTRACT

Outbreaks of multiple respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality have been frequently reported in poultry industry. Metabolic profiling has showed widespread usage in metabolic and infectious disease for identifying biomarkers and understanding of complex mechanisms. In this study, the non-targeted metabolomics were used on Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) co-infection model in serum, which showed that Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Chenodeoxycholate, Linoleate and numerous energy metabolites were varied significantly. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of linoleic acid, taurine and arachidonic acid (AA) were upregulated. To further characterize the consequences of co-infection, we performed an AA metabolic network pathway with metabolic products and enzyme genes. The results showed that the expression of LTC4 increased extremely significant and accompanied with different degree of infection. Meanwhile, the AA network performed the changes and differences of various metabolites in the pathway when multiple respiratory diseases occurred. Taken together, co-infection induces distinct alterations in the serum metabolome owing to the activation of AA metabolism. Furthermore, LTC4 in serum could be used as the biomarker for detecting poultry respiratory disease.

Abbreviations

MG: Mycoplasma gallisepticum; E.coli: Escherichia coli; AA: Arachidonic acid; LTC4: Leukotriene C4; CRD: chronic respiratory diseases; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LTs: leukotrienes; PGs: prostaglandins; NO: nitric oxide; HIS: histamine; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; PLS-DA: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis; CCU: color change unit; UPLC: ultra-performance liquid chromatography; MS: mass spectrometry; DEMs: differentially expressed metabolites; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SD: standard deviation; VIP: Variable importance in the projection

中文翻译：

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在鸡支原体和大肠杆菌共感染中花生四烯酸代谢升高，并在血清中诱导LTC4作为检测禽类呼吸道疾病的生物标记。

摘要

家禽业经常报告高发病率和高死亡率的多种呼吸道疾病的暴发。代谢谱分析已显示出在代谢和传染病中的广泛应用，可用于鉴定生物标志物和了解复杂的机制。在这项研究中，非靶向代谢组学用于鸡支原体（MG）和大肠杆菌（E.coli））血清共感染模型，表明白三烯C4（LTC4），白三烯D4（LTD4），鹅去氧胆酸盐，亚油酸酯和许多能量代谢物发生了显着变化。KEGG富集分析显示亚油酸，牛磺酸和花生四烯酸（AA）的代谢途径被上调。为了进一步表征共感染的后果，我们对代谢产物和酶基因进行了AA代谢网络途径。结果表明，LTC4的表达极显着增加，并伴有不同程度的感染。同时，当发生多种呼吸系统疾病时，AA网络在通路中进行各种代谢物的变化和差异。在一起 由于AA代谢的激活，共同感染可引起血清代谢组的明显改变。此外，血清中的LTC4可用作检测家禽呼吸系统疾病的生物标志物。

缩略语

MG：鸡支原体；大肠杆菌：大肠杆菌；AA：花生四烯酸；LTC4：白三烯C4；CRD：慢性呼吸系统疾病；KEGG：《京都基因与基因组百科全书》；LTs：白三烯；PG：前列腺素；NO：一氧化氮；HIS：组胺；PCA：主成分分析；PLS-DA：偏最小二乘判别分析；CCU：换色单位；UPLC：超高效液相色谱；MS：质谱。DEMs：差异表达的代谢产物；ELISA：酶联免疫吸附试验；SD：标准偏差；VIP：投影中的重要性可变