Seed delivery to site is a critical step in seed-based restoration programs. Months or years of seed collection, conditioning, storage, and cultivation can be wasted if seeding operations are not carefully planned, well executed, and draw upon best available knowledge and experience. Although diverse restoration scenarios present different challenges and require different approaches, there are common elements that apply to most ecosystems and regions. A seeding plan sets the timeline and details all operations from site treatments through seed delivery and subsequent monitoring. The plan draws on site evaluation data (e.g. topography, hydrology, climate, soil types, weed pressure, reference site characteristics), the ecology and biology of the seed mix components (e.g. germination requirements, seed morphology) and seed quality information (e.g. seed purity, viability, and dormancy). Plan elements include: (1) Site treatments and seedbed preparation to remove undesirable vegetation, including sources in the soil seed bank; change hydrology and soil properties (e.g. stability, water holding capacity, nutrient status); and create favorable conditions for seed germination and establishment. (2) Seeding requirements to prepare seeds for sowing and determine appropriate seeding dates and rates. (3) Seed delivery techniques and equipment for precision seed delivery, including placement of seeds in germination-promotivemicrosites at the optimal season for germination and establishment. (4) A monitoring program and adaptive management to document initial emergence, seedling establishment, and plant community development and conduct additional sowing or adaptive management interventions, if warranted. (5) Communication of results to inform future seeding decisions and share knowledge for seed-based ecological restoration.

中文翻译：

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田间种子使用：为恢复成功提供种子

将种子运送到现场是基于种子的恢复计划的关键步骤。如果播种操作没有仔细计划、执行得当并利用最佳可用知识和经验，则可能会浪费数月或数年的种子收集、调节、储存和栽培。尽管不同的恢复情景提出了不同的挑战并需要不同的方法，但存在适用于大多数生态系统和区域的共同要素。播种计划设定了时间表并详细说明了从现场处理到种子交付和后续监测的所有操作。该计划利用场地评估数据（例如地形、水文、气候、土壤类型、杂草压力、参考场地特征）、种子混合成分的生态和生物学（例如发芽要求、种子形态）和种子质量信息（例如 种子纯度、活力和休眠）。计划要素包括： (1) 场地处理和苗床准备，以去除不受欢迎的植被，包括土壤种子库中的来源；改变水文和土壤特性（例如稳定性、持水能力、养分状况）；为种子发芽和定植创造有利条件。(2) 播种要求，准备播种并确定合适的播种日期和播种量。(3) 精准种子递送的种子递送技术和设备，包括在最佳发芽和定植季节将种子置于促进发芽的微型场所。(4) 监测计划和适应性管理，以记录初始出苗、幼苗建立和植物群落发展，并进行额外的播种或适应性管理干预，如果有保证。(5) 交流结果以告知未来的播种决策并共享基于种子的生态恢复知识。