The rhizosphere is an important hotspot of soil microbial activity, diversity, and functions. Despite being a microbial hotspot, studies have seldom addressed the differences in the response of the microbial community in bulk and rhizosphere soils to domestic animal disturbance. Here, we investigated grassland disturbance by physical uprooting behaviours of Tibetan pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) on bacterial taxonomy and functions in three soil types: Histosols, Fluvisols, and Gleysols which are dominant on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We found that after 8 years of continued disturbance, compared to the undisturbed sites, disturbance consistently reduced rhizosphere bacterial α diversity (by 34.6% on average), restructured taxonomic communities, and weakened their carbon substrate utilization capacities in all soil types. The relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes increased, but the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae decreased in the rhizosphere under disturbance. In contrast, most detected taxonomic changes in bulk soils were minor, and their changing directions were divergent among studied soil types. Compared to the undisturbed, carbon utilization potential by rhizosphere microbes decreased under disturbance and the decrease extent was stronger (by 30.4% on average) than that in bulk soil. The strengthened environmental filtering, imposed by the significant reduction of soil water‐holding capacity and nutrient contents as well as the physical destruction of soil aggregates after disturbance, provided mechanistic insight into the extensive microbial restructuring within the rhizosphere. These results may have implications for recognizing changed root‐microbe interactions and ecological processes in disturbed soils for better understanding soil ecology under intensified herding activities.

中文翻译：

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区分对土壤和根际土壤物理扰动的微生物分类和功能响应

根际是土壤微生物活性，多样性和功能的重要热点。尽管是微生物的热点，但很少有研究解决散装和根际土壤中微生物群落对家畜干扰的反应差异。在这里，我们通过藏猪（Sus scrofa domesticus）的身体连根拔起行为调查了草原干扰）关于三种土壤类型的细菌分类学和功能的研究：在青藏高原上占主导地位的三种土壤类型：组织溶胶，氟维松醇和甘露醇。我们发现，与不受干扰的地点相比，经过8年的持续干扰，干扰持续减少了根际细菌α多样性（平均降低34.6％），重组了生物分类群落，并削弱了它们在所有土壤类型中的碳底物利用能力。扰动下的根际，门菌体，放线菌和拟杆菌的相对丰度增加，而酸性菌，绿弯曲菌和硝化螺菌的相对丰度降低。相反，大多数检测到的块状土壤分类学变化较小，其变化方向在所研究的土壤类型之间是不同的。与未受干扰的相比，根际微生物的碳利用潜力在扰动下下降，下降幅度比块状土壤强（平均30.4％）。由于土壤持水能力和养分含量的显着降低以及扰动后土壤团聚体的物理破坏，环境过滤得到了加强，从而为深入了解根际微生物的重组提供了机械原理。这些结果可能对认识扰动土壤中根-微生物相互作用和生态过程的变化，以更好地了解集约化活动下的土壤生态具有重要意义。由于土壤保水能力和养分含量的显着降低以及扰动后土壤团聚体的物理破坏而造成的根源，为深入了解根际微生物的重组提供了机械原理。这些结果可能对认识扰动土壤中根-微生物相互作用和生态过程的变化，以更好地了解集约化活动下的土壤生态具有重要意义。由于土壤保水能力和养分含量的显着降低以及扰动后土壤团聚体的物理破坏而造成的根源，为深入了解根际微生物的重组提供了机械原理。这些结果可能对认识扰动土壤中根-微生物相互作用和生态过程的变化，以更好地了解集约化活动下的土壤生态具有重要意义。