Fish are both consumers and prey and as such part of a dynamic trophic network. Measuring how they are trophically linked, both directly and indirectly, to other species is vital to comprehend the mechanisms driving alterations in fish communities in space and time. Moreover, this knowledge also helps to understand how fish communities respond to environmental change and delivers important information for implementing management of fish stocks. DNA-based methods have significantly widened our ability to assess trophic interactions in both marine and freshwater systems and they possess a range of advantages over other approaches in diet analysis. In this review we provide an overview of different DNA-based methods that have been used to assess trophic interactions of fish as consumers and prey. We consider the practicalities and limitations and emphasize critical aspects when analyzing molecular derived trophic data. We exemplify how molecular techniques have been employed to unravel food web interactions involving fish as consumers and prey. In addition to the exciting opportunities DNA-based approaches offer, we identify current challenges and future prospects for assessing fish food webs where DNA-based approaches will play an important role. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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鱼类作为捕食者和猎物：基于 DNA 的评估它们在食物网中的作用

鱼既是消费者又是猎物，因此是动态营养网络的一部分。测量它们如何直接或间接地与其他物种在营养上联系对于理解驱动鱼类群落空间和时间变化的机制至关重要。此外，这些知识还有助于了解鱼类社区如何应对环境变化，并为实施鱼类种群管理提供重要信息。基于 DNA 的方法显着拓宽了我们评估海洋和淡水系统中营养相互作用的能力，并且它们在饮食分析中比其他方法具有一系列优势。在这篇综述中，我们概述了不同的基于 DNA 的方法，这些方法已被用于评估鱼类作为消费者和猎物的营养相互作用。在分析分子衍生的营养数据时，我们考虑了实用性和局限性，并强调了关键方面。我们举例说明了分子技术如何被用来解开涉及鱼类作为消费者和猎物的食物网相互作用。除了基于 DNA 的方法提供的令人兴奋的机会之外，我们还确定了评估鱼类食物网的当前挑战和未来前景，其中基于 DNA 的方法将发挥重要作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们确定了评估鱼类食物网的当前挑战和未来前景，其中基于 DNA 的方法将发挥重要作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们确定了评估鱼类食物网的当前挑战和未来前景，其中基于 DNA 的方法将发挥重要作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。