Environmental signals act primarily on physiological systems, which then influence higher level functions such as movement patterns and population dynamics. Increases in average temperature and temperature variability associated with global climate change are likely to have strong effects on fish physiology, and thereby on populations and fisheries. Here we review the principal mechanisms that transduce temperature signals, and the physiological responses to those signals in fish. Temperature has a direct, thermodynamic effect on biochemical reaction rates. However, plastic responses to longer-term thermal signals means that fishes can modulate their acute thermal responses to compensate at least partially for thermodynamic effects. Energetics are particularly relevant for growth and movement, and hence for fisheries, and temperature can have pronounced effects on energy metabolism. All energy (ATP) production is ultimately linked to mitochondria, and temperature has pronounced effects on mitochondrial efficiency and maximal capacities. Mitochondria are dependent on oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor, so that cardiovascular function and oxygen delivery links environmental inputs with energy metabolism. Growth efficiency, that is the conversion of food into tissue, changes with temperature and there are indications that warmer water leads to decreased conversion efficiencies. Moreover, movement and migration of fish relies on muscle function, which is partially dependent on ATP production, but also on intracellular calcium cycling within the myocyte. Neuroendocrine processes link environmental signals to regulated responses at the level of different tissues, including muscle. These physiological processes within individuals can scale up to population responses to climate change. A mechanistic understanding of thermal responses is essential to predict the vulnerability of species and populations to climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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变暖的水域对鱼类生理学和渔业意味着什么？

环境信号主要作用于生理系统，然后影响更高层次的功能，如运动模式和种群动态。与全球气候变化相关的平均温度和温度变异性的增加可能对鱼类生理产生强烈影响，从而对种群和渔业产生重大影响。在这里，我们回顾了转换温度信号的主要机制，以及鱼类对这些信号的生理反应。温度对生化反应速率有直接的热力学影响。然而，塑料对长期热信号的反应意味着鱼类可以调节它们的急性热反应，以至少部分补偿热力学效应。能量学与生长和运动特别相关，因此与渔业、和温度对能量代谢有显着影响。所有能量 (ATP) 的产生最终都与线粒体有关，温度对线粒体效率和最大容量有显着影响。线粒体依赖氧气作为最终的电子受体，因此心血管功能和氧气输送将环境输入与能量代谢联系起来。生长效率，即食物转化为组织的过程，会随着温度而变化，有迹象表明，水温升高会导致转化效率降低。此外，鱼的运动和迁移依赖于肌肉功能，这部分依赖于 ATP 的产生，但也依赖于肌细胞内的细胞内钙循环。神经内分泌过程将环境信号与不同组织（包括肌肉）水平的调节反应联系起来。个体内部的这些生理过程可以扩大到人口对气候变化的反应。对热响应的机械理解对于预测物种和种群对气候变化的脆弱性至关重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。