Ribosome and protein synthesis lie at the core of cell growth and are major consumers of the cellular budget. Here we review recent progress in the coupling of ribosome synthesis and translational capacity with cell growth in bacteria. We elaborate on the different strategies of bacteria to modulate the protein synthesis rate at fast and slow growth rates. In particular, bacterial cells maintain translational potential at very slow growth as a strategy to keep fitness in fluctuating environments. We further discuss the important role of ribosome synthesis in rapidly proliferating eukaryotic cells such as yeast cells and cancer cells. The tight relation between ribosome and cell growth provides a broad research avenue for researchers from various disciplines.

核糖体和蛋白质合成是细胞生长的核心，是细胞预算的主要消费者。在这里，我们审查核糖体合成和翻译能力与细菌细胞生长的耦合方面的最新进展。我们阐述了细菌在快速和慢速生长速率下调节蛋白质合成速率的不同策略。尤其是，细菌细胞可在非常缓慢的生长过程中保持翻译潜力，以此作为在不断变化的环境中保持健康的策略。我们进一步讨论了核糖体合成在迅速增殖的真核细胞（如酵母细胞和癌细胞）中的重要作用。核糖体与细胞生长之间的紧密关系为不同学科的研究人员提供了广阔的研究途径。